A Study On The English Translation Of Chu Tourism Culture From The Perspective Of Functionalism

German scholar Nord defines clearly that Functionalist means focusing on function or functions of texts and translation. (Nord, 2001:1) Functionalist is a broad term for various theories that approach translation in this way. Therefore, besides German functional school, other translators like Peter Newmark and Eugene A. Nida belong to this group as well.English translation theorist Peter Newmark combines translation with the function of language, and he categorizes all texts as expressive text or informative text or vocative text, and translators should be loyal to the source language writer, or the facts of matter, or the readership respectively. Hence, he suggests that different translation strategies (semantic translation and communicative translation) should be used for different types of texts. Eugene A. Nida combines translation and the function of language together and introduces his "Functional Equivalence" from the perspective of language function. He points out that, because of cultural difference, it is impossible that source language and target language should be equivalent in form, but it is in function.Generally speaking, modern functional translation theories are based on German functional translation school, and Reiss is the pioneer. In 1971, she put forward the embryo of functional theory in Possibilities and Limitations in Translation Criticism. German functional translators try their utmost to elaborate translation process from the perspective of target language, not from the perspective of source language; they regard translation as a purposeful communication action; in this process, translators should consider the clients' and commissaries' requirement, the purpose of translation, and target language readers' requirements. They pointed out that the viability of the brief depends on the circumstances of the target culture, not on the source culture, and one of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee; a text is made meaningful by the receiver and for the receiver.