The Study Of Improving And Extension On Cotton Production Of Jiangsu Province (1927-1937)

As located in the Taihu basin, Jiangsu Province takes advantage of the suitable climate, with a natural well condition for cotton planting. Along with expanding of cotton region, the Cotton Planting Industry and Textile Industry of Jiangsu province progressed together; and this area became the center of the country's cotton industry. The Late Qing dynasty's opening of treaty port developed advanced weaving techniques in many main treaty ports such as Shanghai. The traditional Handicrafts Industry was pushed out of mainstream gradually by rapidly arisen Manufactured Weaving Industry. As the Handicrafts Industry camedown, the biggest impact for Jiangsu Province's Cotton Planting Industry is the shrinking of cotton wool market. Traditional cotton seed, which hard to get high quality needed by manufactured weave, was frequently excluded by domestic and abroad spinning mills. As a result, abroad high quality cotton wool replaced it. This condition became seriously after the First World War. And the sole way for Jiangsu Province's Cotton Industry was the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production.The government authorities became the main power of the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production, because either the ethical organization of cotton production or the agricultural and scientific colleges couldn't assume such task any longer. From the stage of 'Advocating by government, Managing by ethical organization of cotton production, agricultural and scientific college in the Period of Beiyang Administration of Qing Dynasty' to the stage of 'Managing by government', the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production of Jiangsu Province finally got to the stage of 'Government control Cotton Production' after the setup of the Controlling Commission of Cotton Production of National Economic Commission.From 1927 to 1937, the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production of Jiangsu Province was carried out and managed by the Construction Department of Jiangsu Province, Cotton Proving Ground of Jiangsu Province, cotton regions' county government and county office of agricultural extensions in Jiangsu Province. The whole course of Improving and Extension on Cotton Production concerned many specific works, such as research and trial, extension of high quality cotton seed, auxiliary propulsion etc. Much program, principle and procedure of those works was scientific and reasonable. However, many critical works couldn't be timely harmonized or nicely done. Because of many disadvantages, such as lack of outlay and talent, faulty organizing, shortcoming on education of farmers, speculative financial institution, favoring non-agriculture field of government's industry programming, disability of tax protection, natural disaster and so on, the result of Improving and Extension on Cotton Production was far from the aim of expanding cotton region and popularizing high quality cotton seed in Jiangsu Province.Chapteri: According to the history of Cotton Planting Industry of Jiangsu Province, this part stands out traditional predominance of Cotton Planting Industry in rural economics of Jiangsu Province. And then analyzes the impacting and challenge which Cotton Planting Industry of Jiangsu Province faced during the period from Late Qing dynasty to the establishment of Nanjing Nationalist Government combining the history background, and explains the necessity of Improving and Extension on Cotton Production.Chapter2: By tracing the history of the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production of Jiangsu Province, this chapter represents the phase character of the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production of Jiangsu Province from 1927 to 1937, and makes a brief introduction of organization that managed the Improving and Extension on Cotton Production. Then Aiming on research and trial, extension of high quality cotton seed and auxiliary propulsion, this chapter researches and analyses the aim, principle and procedural of each specific work included in the Improving and Extension of Cotton Production. And then summarizes the reasonable elements and positive significance.Chapter3: This chapter analyses the internal factors which influence the course and effect of the Improving and Extension of Cotton Production taking specific works as a key. In order to make the understanding of Improving and extension on cotton production of Jiangsu Province from 1927 to 1937 more objective, this chapter also researches the external factors which restrict the process of Improving and extension on cotton production of Jiangsu Province, such as the attitude of the government on agricultural construction, the ability of tax protection, natural disaster and so on. And then estimates the effect of the Improving and Extension on Cotton Pproduction of Jiangsu Province according to the status quo of Jiangsu Province's cotton production before the breakout of the War of Resistance Against Japan.Epilogue: This part summarizes and sublimes the reasonable elements and restricting factors of Improving and extension on cotton production of Jiangsu Province from 1927 to 1937; and then brings forward the significance on reference.