A Research On The Relationship Between The Han Nationalities' Culture And The Manchu Culture In Current Manchu Shamanism

A research on the relationship between the Han nationalities'culture and the Manchu culture includes two aspects at present. The universal cultural theories'review of the relationship between different cultures includes five opinions: classical culture evolutionism, culture diffusionism, culture relativism, universal culture evolutionism and the opinion of an integral culture of multipriority."Classical culture evolutionism"looks culture as a evolutional process, it believes that all nationalities must experience the same social developmental phases. However, its opinion of parallel development is argued by"culture diffusionism". It believes that the mortal culture derives from diffusion and borrowing from each other."Culture relativism"believes that different nationalities'culture is equivalent."Universal culture evolutionism"develops"classical culture evolutionism"and believes that the mortal culture must unite, multipriority is only temporary."The opinion of an integral culture of multipriority"argues that there is a harmonious but different society leading by the Han nationalities'culture in China. The idiographic review of the relationship between the Manchu culture and the Han nationalities'culture in the Manchu shamanism includes four opinions: the Manchu shamanism has been assimilated by the Han nationalities'belief custom, the Manchu shamanism has amalgamated with the Han nationalities'belief custom, the Manchu shamanism hasn't amalgamated with the Han nationalities'belief custom and the Manchu shamanism has absorbed many belief customs from the Han nationality.Nature worship in current Manchu shamanism includes heaven worship, star worship, fire worship, mountain Changbai worship and stone worship. The sacrificial rites of the heaven worship are still dominant in despite of influencing by the Han nationalities'culture. The star worship forms a new custom leading by the Manchu cult, nevertheless some Manchu sacrificial idea have come down. The fire worship still keeps the original Manchu shamanistic sacrificial relique in nature notwithstanding having borrowed the Han nationalities'deities and sacrificial forms. Propagation worship in current Manchu shamanism includes animal worship and foliage worship. Both of them are leaded by the Manchu shamanism though having borrowed a large number of the Han nationalities'belief customs. The crow, pied magpie, dog, tiger, eagle, boa, snake are all the Manchu ancestors'idols. The crow, pied magpie and dog are still very familiar idols of the current Manchu. The Manchu also assimilate some animal god from the Han nationalities'belief. For example, some backland Manchu still hold a memorial ceremony for dragon to beg for rain. The Manchu in different colonies have different foliage worship. The most prevalent foliage worship is willow. The Manchu offered sacrifice to willow to beg for child in the past. But now , influenced by the Han nationality, more and more women of the Manchu turn to go to the temple and hold a memorial ceremony for other bearing goddesses from the Han nationality or the Buddhism to beg for a child. The function of willow is infirm little by little.Anthropomorphized god in current Manchu shamanism includes ancestor worship and Buddha worship. In ancestor worship, the Manchu now still carry on the ancient shamanism rites which was established in the twelfth year of Qianlong, they not only borrow many ancestor's sacrificial rites from the Han nationalities'belief but also absorb its pedigree into shamanism. It shows that the Manchu assimilate the Han nationalities'culture on the base of the shamanism. At the same time, Buddha and Guanyu also become the cult-figures of the Manchu shamanism. The Manchu offer sacrifice to them all together in shamanism. It's different from the Buddhism belief custom of the Han nationality.The nature worship,the propagation worship and the anthropomorphized god worship all show that the Manchu shamanism custom still have the main status though it has assimilated a lot from the Han nationalities'belief custom. The other opinions such as the Manchu shamanism custom has been assimilated by the Han nationalities'belief custom, the Manchu shamanism custom has amalgamated with the Han nationalities'belief custom, the Manchurian shamanism custom hasn't amalgamated with the Han nationalities'belief custom all fall short of fact.With the impact of modern civilization, the social economical base of the Manchu shamanism custom has changed greatly. The Manchu shamanism can't reappear as the past, but it emerges symbolically, artfully and commercially. The new form of the Manchu shamanism still shows that the Manchu shamanism custom still has the main status though it has assimilated a lot from the Han nationalities'belief custom.The universal cultural theories review of the relationship between different cultures, The idiographic review of the relationship between the Manchu culture and the Han nationalities'culture, the analysis of the practical status of the relationship between the Manchu culture and the Han nationalities'culture in current Manchu shamanism custom's nature worship, propagation worship and anthropomorphized god worship all show that the Manchu shamanism not only keeps the main form but also absorbs the Han nationalities'culture. The Manchu culture is punier while the Han nationalities'culture is stronger, the Han nationalities'culture and the Manchurian culture are the integral culture of multipriority.From above, we find that opportunity and challenge are coexisting. With the cultural tour's persistent development, the traditional Manchu shamanism would either revive or keep away from the people's daily life and come down.The fact of opportunity and challenge's coexisting requires us to promote the protection and development of the Manchu shamanism custom. Now we have had some general principles such as paying equal attention to the involuntary evolvement and factitious protection, governmental exploiture and market function, etc. we should also stand to the other three principles besides. First, we should create works on the base of the Manchu shamanism kernel;second, we should keep the Manchu shamanism from assimilating by the Han nationalities'culture excessively, trading unduly or only;finally, we should ensure the Manchu belief custom in shamanism is harmonious and unitive with the social main culture leading by the Han nationalities'culture.