On Sartre's Conception Of Freedom And Its Modern Value

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)was one of the greatest philosophers, dramatists, novelists and political journalists in the 20 century. Sartre expressed the emotion and voice of the people who had suffered from the Two WORLD War with his philosophy as a leading exponent of existentialism. And the conception of freedom of Sartre's was the basis of his philosophy. With his conception of freedom, Sartre expressed the complicated emotion of the people at that time and the wish that people longered and pursued freedom. Sartre's conception of freedom attracted people's eyesight just like a gigantic magnetite. Therefore not only had it greatly influenced the people at that time, but also the people at present age.For the reason, Sartre's philosophy was called"free philosophy".Since 1980s,the worlds of philosophy and literature have begun to introduce and study Sartre's philosophy and literature, especially they have made deeper study on Sartre's conception of freedom. However, I think that there are still some problems and shortages in their research, especially they have made some mistakes in the study on Sartre's absolute responsibility. They have only known the benefit that absolute responsibility has done to society, but they don't know about that it has made people feel oppressed and bitter. So it is necessary to make conception of freedom and its theory in essence. Then people can criticize the wrong viewpoints of Sartre's conception of freedom, and absorb its modern value which will help people do well in social practice.This thesis is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction of the thesis, which briefly states the people who have longered and pursued freedom and have made qreat efforts and sacrifice for it since human being existed. Then it introduced Sartre who had devoted himself to the freedom cause of human being in the 20 century. Sartre put forward his unique ideas and viewpoints on freedom. The second chapter of it states briefly the background of the formation of Sartre's conception of freedom, the theory origin and its formation development processes. A series of events happened in France at the end of 20'to 60',economic crisis, the crisis of national conquered, the dissimilation of man and the spirit crisis. Sartre's conception of freedom is the outcome of these events. The free thought of ancient Rome and Greece ,latter-day's freedom, the free thought of the humanism from the middle 19 century, especially the theories of S.Kierkaard , Edumund Husserl, and Heidegger, deeply influenced the formation of Sartre's conception of freedom, This thesis divides the formation of in into four stages; gemming formation, revision and development, distinguishing with the following important works: L'imagination ,LA TRANSCENDANCEDE L'EGO, Nausea, Being and Nothingness, Existentialism'Roads of liberty and Critique of Dialectical Reason.The third chapter of it generalizes systematically and dwells brand-newly on the main contents of Sartre's conception of freedom from six aspects: Freedom and being; Freedom and choice; Freedom and surroundings; Freedom and absolute responsibility; Freedom and inevitability; personal freedom and others.The fourth chapter of it studies and analyses the wrong viewpoints of Sartre's conception of freedom. Sartre's conception of freedom is a kind of idealistic and metaphysical free view: His"Freedom"is a pure"Will freedom"His"freedom"cut apart dialectical relationship between material and consciousness. Absolute freedom rejects inevitability; Individualism rejects others and the society.The fifth chapter of it studies and discusses the modern value of Sartre's conception of freedom. We insist that man should make great efforts and achieve anything. Man should have the spirit of longering and pursuing freedom. Man should transcend and create constantly. Man should be responsible for what he chooses and does. This is the modern value that Sartre gave us. And it is also the everlasting charm of Sartre's/...