Research On The Normal Education In Guangdong From Late Qing Dynasty To The Early Period Of The Republic Of China

This thesis is a monograph on the normal education in Guangdong from 1901 to 1922.There is a tradition of honoring the teachers and revering his teachings from ancient times in our country, but the specialized training teachers' agencies didn't appear until the late Qing Dynasty. In 1897, the establishment of Shanghai Nanyang Public Normal Academy opened the prologue of the normal education in Modern China. The regular normal education in Modern China started with the birth of the modern education system. The normal education systems that promulgated by the late Qing Dynasty's government and the early Republic of China's government guaranteed the independent status of the normal education in Modern China. Chinese normal education began to rise with a preliminary development. The modern normal education in Guangdong developed in its own way in the background of the uprising of the national normal education.Although the education in ancient times in Guangdong developed comparatively later, it speeded up after Song Dynasty. It basically met the needs to politics, economy and culture of Guangdong in that time. In this process, the teachers played the vital role in disseminating civilization and inheriting culture. Until the late Qing Dynasty, the traditional education declined day after day, and the newsty]e education graduallv emerged. The new style schools established widely, which requested inevitablya lot of teachers to supply. In 1901, the first normal school appeared in Guangdong. Afterwards, there were many kinds of normal agencies set up. According to statistics, until 1922, there were more than 150 normal schools established or existing in Guangdong. They cultured several thousands of normal students. Modern Guangdong normal education started comparatively earlier, and formed a complete system. The normal schools were scattered even and made a prominent achievement, especially in the female normal education. The female normal education by official supported and the normal coeducation is the harbinger in our country. 6uangdong normal education trained and transported a lot of teachers and the educational administrators for Guangdong education after a difficult development such as growing out of nothing, from infancy to maturity. Through providing the teacher of Si Shu withthe on-the-job training, the normal education participated and impelled the traditional education modernization. All these were advantage to Guangdong modern education. Because of many limitary factors, such as the social environment at that time, the education funds and the ideological recognition, Guangdong normal education inevitably had some problems and a certain limitations in the developing process. But through the more than 20 years development, Ouangdong modern normal education constructed the more complete normal education frame, and established the independent and basic pattern of the normal education. It accumulated a certain experience of the normal education. It also provided the chief source and laid the foundation for the development of Guangdong normal education in the mid-to-later Republic of China and the New China.