The Rural Handicraft Industry The Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi

Since the farmer question always has been the focal point question which the society pays attention, its key is the rural economical question. In recent years many scholars has researched on this question and has achieved many articles. The rural handicraft industry is important constituent of rural economy .Also is one of the question on historical economic geography research .This article does the preliminary study to the Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi's rural handicraftindustry on this point of view; and discusses the relations between the development changes on the rural handicraft industries and the local environment to seek the actuation factors of the economical development.This article main contents as follows:Firstly, introduced reason for the topic, the current research situations, the goal and the significance for the study, the contents and the method were given. Develops northwest is a national important strategy. Inevitably, also will be facing the question of the ecological environment. It is the origin of this topic how to unify the economical development and the environmental relation. Currently researches to the ruralhandicraft industry focusd on North China and the south of Yangtse river area. But northwest also is also the region worth studies. This article takes the special region on the Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi as an example, adopts the general methods of the historical geography to analyse this question.Two, There has rich conditions to develop the rural handicraft industry in Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi. It has span big region, the crops type is various, also has the rich animal resources, the mining industry resources, but also has the superiority to develop the forestry, the local handicraft industry development is precisely to process and use to these resources.Three, by the raw material origin, we may divide the rural handicraft industry into four departments in the Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi's rural handicraft industry, the agricultural products processing industry, the livestock product processing industry, the minerals processing industry and the forest product processing industry .Through to recover the material, we may see there has many types on agricultural product and the minerals processing industry in local in Qing Dynasty, livestock product structure is sole, the forest product processing industry quite is backward.Four, the main production organization way is family handicraft industry and individual manual workshop on Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi rural handicraft industry. Also has little big scale industry, only this kind of industry concentrates the minerals processing and the livestock product processing industry which developed in the end of the Qing Dynasty. Regardless of which production method all generally has the question of the technical backwardness.Five, the rural handicraft industry of North Shaanxi obviously was a recovery period at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, and then had the remarkable changes in the middle and later period, the technology has advance, the scale expands, the product also transformed from using to the market. Simultaneously the handicraft industry structure, the distribution also has the adjustment and change constantly. The representation includes gradual maturity of four big departments. The internal structures each department also consummate constantly, and has formed the development superiority area - along Yellow River and along the Great Wall region.Six, looked from the whole that, the Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi rural handicraft industry has the questions of the technical backwardness, the scales smallness, the few jobholders, distributed disproportion and so on.The reasonof making these kinds of condition is inseparable with the local environment. The Qing Dynasty here were war disaster constantly, social economy was extremely laggard. The government enlarged the power to promote agriculture. Adds on there has much soil and few population. The soil management is thick; the people are the extensive cultivation and lack the essential jobholders. The close geographical environment causes the transportation very inconvenient, the information and The technology dissemination is very slowly, these are all reasons of limiting the local handicraft industry development.Seven, although Qing Dynasty North Shaanxi's rural handicraft industry quite gets behind, but it is beneficial supplement of the agricultural economy, is indispensable organic segment of the village economy. It has enlivened the market, has met the local people's daily needs, has made up the family expenses, also has solved the countryside surplus labor force, promoted the localeconomy development, it connected commodity trade in the inland and side the outside...