A Study On The Metal Farm Tools Of Yellow River Region In Spring And Autumn, Warring States Periods

Agricutural production tools, agricultural productivity is one of the basic elements of the civilization of ancient agricultural society in the development of position is very important. The Huanghe River valley was the ancient times important agricultural production development center, therefore, Spring and Autumn , Warring States Period metal (copper, iron) farm tool's application, the promotion and the massive appearances, had the huge historic importance.This article in cites the historical evidence and in the material foundation, mainly through the ancient times Huanghe River valley agriculture tool production and the development, Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period metal farm tool application, the promotion and appeared and so on the question elaboration massively, attempted to Spring and Autumn , Warring States Period Huanghe River valley metal farm tool - is specially the social basis which the made of iron farm tool appeared, and the application, the promotion and massively appeared the historical significance which this aspect formed, made a thorough discussion.Farm tool's appearance stemmed from ancient times the ancients to seek the survival requirement, obtained the material life material during the production creation practice. With this demand and the creation of the development of practice, the production of farm tools and types, function is to constantly improve and progress in this process, tools made of metal is a change of great significance to improve.According to the textual research, China ancient times the Huanghe River valley as early as in the Three Times( the Xia, the Shang and the Xi Zhou) had used the bronze farm tool, but the metal (copper, iron) farm tool rapid development, the made of iron farm tool application, the promotion and appear in the agricultural production are massively in Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period. Spring and Autumn Period is the bronze farm tool further develops, the made of iron farm tool preliminary application, nonmetallic (wood, stone, bone, freshwater mussel and so on) the farm tool still massively used coexisting and increase and decrease time. In this time, on the one hand, the made of iron farm tool's not yet presents in agricultural production leading role; On the other hand, as a result of the historical reason, the bronze farm tool's application and the promotion unable, cannot substitute the nonmetallic material quality farm tool's in agricultural production traditional status. Therefore, the metal (copper, iron) the farm tool applies gradually and promotes, the nonmetallic farm tool continues to exist massively, is this time Huanghe River valley farm tool evolution chief feature. Warring States time is the made of iron farm tool substitutes for the bronze farm tool corresponding status gradually, and repels the nonmetallic farm tool unceasingly, day by day obtains in the agricultural production the dominant position time, is the made of iron farm tool strong trend application and the promoted historical period. The application of iron tools, promotion and a large, metal tools into this period of significant features of evolution, iron Liniu farming with intensive agriculture under the traditional business model of the form, then agricultural productivity has also become an important sign of progress.Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period metal farm tool application, the promotion and the massive appearances, have the inevitable relation with the social history condition then. Our country ancient times the Huanghe River valley rich metal natural resource, the smelting handicraft industry craft's production and the development, ancient times the working people to fell behind farm tool's transformation request, as well as the promotion made of iron farm tool applied, the promoted Warring States time various nations political reform massively and so on, is important social basis condition which the above aspect appeared. Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period metal farm tool application, the promotion and the massive appearances, were having directly, the fundamental influence to the agricultural society then. It promoted the agricultural production in optimised, the whole field, irrigation, crop management, and other areas of farmland medium-term advances in technology to improve the working efficiency of agricultural production and food crops production. The metal farm tool, in particular the made of iron farm tool application superiority caused Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period agriculture productive forces member to have the archery target transformation, has created the condition for the agricultural individual management and the feudalism small peasant economy appearance. The feudalism small peasant economy appearance and the development, the force row country rulers then to included the system of ownership relations, the assignment relations social product relations carry on the reform and the adjustment, adapted the new nature productive forces development request.Thus, also enable the agricultural production way then to get rid had old, take the collective productive labor as the main characteristic village commune (or family people's commune) the community system of ownership economy shackles, became our country day after day ancient times the agricultural economy main social structure content, and has continued more than 2000 years, direct, was affecting our country indirectly ancient times the agricultural society advance rhythm and the direction.Spring and Autumn, Warring States Period Huanghe River valley metal farm tool's application, the promotion and the massive appearances, are the agricultural production which the ancient times working people established develop, the progress result unceasingly developed, in unceasingly the progress process in the ancient times agricultural production, in ancients hand agricultural tool also in unceasing progress and development, but the farm tool improvement also powerfully promoted the agricultural production development, both were mutually the conditions, affected mutually, finally affected and is impelling society's transformation and the historical progress.