A Study On Causal Conjunctions In Modern Chinese

At present,the study on causal conjunctions in modern Chinese is comparatively weak and not systematic,the differences of the view on the scope of causal conjunctions are obvious,the discrimination of synonymous causal conjunctions is not deep,Chinese teaching as a foreign language correspondingly lacks theoretical guidance.Based on the status quo,this paper uses the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparative analysis in the study on causal conjunctions of modern Chinese.Firstly,this paper discusses and defines the scope of causal conjunctions.We point that there are 15 causal conjunctions in modern Chinese,which are "cong'er(从而),gu(故),jieguo(结果),suoyi(所以),weici(为此),yizhi(以至(yizhiyu以至于)),yizhi(以致),yin(因),yinci(因此),yin'er(因而),yinwei(因为),youyu(由于),yushi(于是),zhisuoyi(之所以),zhishi(致使)".Secondly,this paper discriminates synonymous causal conjunctions of three groups.Ⅰ.The comparison of "yinwei(因为)" and "youyu(由于)".In terms of semantics, "yinwei(因为)" emphasizes causal relationship,"youyu(由于)" emphasizes reason.In terms of syntax,"youyu(由于)" can match "yinci(因此),yin'er(因而)",but "yinwei(因为)" can't.In terms of pragmatics,"yinwei(因为)" can be used for spoken and written language,"youyu(由于)" is generally used for written language,particularly argumentative style.Ⅱ.The comparison of "yizhi(以至(yizhiyu以至于))","yizhi(以致)" and "zhishi(致使)".In terms of semantics,"yizhi(以至(yizhiyu以至于))" indicates progressive relations,causal relationship and progressive causal relationship,"yizhi(以致)" indicates causal relationship,"zhishi(致使)" is a verb and a conjunction,as a conjunction,it indicates causal relationship.In terms of syntax,all of these can only link small sentence,not connect to a sentence or paragraph,they can match "yinwei(因为)" or "youyu(由于)",also can be used alone,the narrative body of "yizhi(以至(yizhiyu以至于))" and "yizhi(以致)" can be consistent,and also can be inconsistent,"zhishi(致使)" can only be inconsistent.In terms of pragrnatics,they can be used for written language,on emotional aspect,"yizhi(以至(yizhiyu以至于))" is used for good or neutral,"zhishi(致使)" is used for poor or negative.Ⅲ.The comparison of "cong'er(从而)","suoyi(所以)","yinci(因此)","yin'er(因而)" and "yushi(于是)".In terms of semantics,"cong'er(从而)" indicates causal relations,causal relationship between continuity and objective coherent relationship,"suoyi(所以)" indicates causal relationship,"yinci(因此)" and "yin'er(因而)" indicate causal relations and causal relationship between continuity,"yushi(于是)" indicates causal relations,coherent relations and causal relationship between continuity.In terms of syntax,"cong'er(从而)" can not be stopped,only link small sentence,the narrative body can only be consistent,"suoyi(所以)","yinci(因此)","yin'er(因而)" and "yushi(于是)" can connect small sentence,sentences and paragraphs,the narrative body can be consistent,and also can be inconsistent.In terms of pragrnatics,"suoyi(所以)" can be used to spoken and written language,"cong'er(从而)","yinci(因此)","yin'er(因而)" and "yushi(于是)" are ofen used in written language.Finally,according to the use of causal conjunctions of overseas students in natural corpus and survey,we summarize error types of causal conjunctions,analyze the main factors of errors,and propose the corresponding teaching methods.