Study Should Start From The Country, Then It Could Expand To The World

"Xiangtuzhishu", a kind of native history and geography of elementary school ,originated in late Qing dynasty, in order to cultivate the teenagers' patriotism. In 1905, the central government of Qing dynasty released some decrees and a framework to direct the compilation. After several years, hundreds of "Xiangtuzhishu" were compiled imposely in the country. To the early years of the Republic of China, this teaching material form could continue, and expanded from the school to the entire society gradually, and became the study reference for the various social departments in public. So far, they had been beyond 600 kinds. This phenomenon is worth us inquiring. The article attempts to reflect and present the main appearance of the central compiling of "Xiangtuzhishu" in late Qing and early Republic of China by combing the materials, analyze the basic condition about its publish and print, discuss its historical data value further, and unfold its important meaning for the child cultivation, the discipline development, the local education, and the economical development.The full text contains four parts, more than 40,000 characters.The introduction part, introduces the study range of this article, summarizes the achievement that predecessors have already obtained, generalizes the main problems which will be solved. It was the most centralized time for compiling "Xiangtuzhishu" for the early ten years,and it is also the scope which this article will study. Most research results were in obtain with the compare of local chronicles before this article, but it is insufficient obviously as elementary school textbooks, so this is the research key of the article.The first chapter is about the large-scale compiling of "Xiangtuzhishu". It starts with the origination of "Xiangtuzhishu", has analyzed its policy releasing, the regional compilations, the review mechanism, as well as the main development characteristic after entering Republic of China. The implementation of native education and the compiling of "Xiangtuzhishu" were not only the product of "the occidental ways", but also received the traditional influence of Chinese local chronicle and patriotism thought. The policy releasing of late Qing dynasty, once caused the widespread social reaction. Not only the magistrate, the gentry, the teacher and so on participated positively, but also many structures of society and the publication media joined this tidal current, emerged the most powerful social organization to promote native education around the country, such as "guoxue bao cun hui". To the Republic of China, the government still supported the native education, promoted the recent development of "Xiangtuzhishu" and the native teaching.The second chapter analyses the main feature of "Xiangtuzhishu" as the textbook. These characteristics involve the style, the compilation characteristic, the ideological content and so on. Generally speaking, although the compilation level of "Xiangtuzhishu" was uneven, it could display the characteristic as the elementary textbook in varying degrees. Quite part of "Xiangtuzhishu" had the innovation in the foundation of the framework. Its categories could satisfied the teaching need better, and used the topic literature style or the chapter literature style which was popular at that time. In the content choice and the compilation method, some compilers had already considered facilitating in teachers' teaching and students' obtaining. They had used many kinds of manifestations, such as the ballad, the traveling notes, the graph, the illustration and so on. They had noticed the publication and the advertisements propaganda to expand the influence and promote the native education better. This adapted the development current of textbook objectively. Under the education premise of the government, its ideological content manifested the multi-dimensional value orientation, had the time characteristic, and presented the aspect with new mixed together old.The third chapter deals with the elaboration of "Xiangtuzhishu" compilation, analyzes its main effect. The compilation of "Xiangtuzhishu" and the implementation of native education were advantageous to the initiation child thought and the dissemination society new knowledge, it had affected a generation of studying persons deeply. While molding the people's provincialism further, promoting the discipline teaching and the vocational education. To the Republic of China, following "Xiangtuzhishu" evolving the general name of local literature gradually, it obtained the understanding and use of retaining the local culture, developing the provincial economy and carrying on the social education.