The Study Of Mongolia "Three Rovers" In Shaanxi In The Middle And Late Period Of Ming Dynasty

Mongol retreated into desert as the foundation of Ming Dynasty, but they were attempted to revive time and again. Due to the nation was rich and powerful during the era of Hongwu and Yongle, Mongol did not dare to go south to herd horse. After Zhengtong, however, Mongol gradually occupied Hetao and Qinghai from south and west respectively, and seized Songshan, while Ming's politics turned corruption, and border defence was gradually loose. Therefore, the hazard on boundary which caused by Mongol"Three Rovers"Shannxi Province was emerged. By reinforcing defence through building fort and consolidating river bank, the central government had to take the great wall as the north and south confine because they couldn't recapture the lost land anymore at that time.The relationship between the"Three Rovers"-"Hai Rover","Tao Rover"and"Song Rover", and Ming Dynasty was intertwined with peace and war, which Mongol invaded frequently but paid tribute occasionally. Actually the menace of Mongolia"Three Rovers"Shannxi Province had not been thoroughly eliminated until the end of Ming Dynasty. From beginning to end,"Three Rovers"were internal danger and the utmost Waller in ethics relations for Ming Empire before nvzhen tribe of northwest area sprang up in the later Ming.The paper is detailed research on Mongolia"Three Rovers"Shannxi Province in the mid and late stage of Ming Dynasty in the order of time in order to make it clear that the origins and activities of"Three Rovers"and the relationship between"Three Rovers"and Ming. There are three parts in the paper:First, this part is start from emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was in his reign for the sixth year(1462AD), which is the year Aluochu invaded Hetao, and ended to emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty was in his regin for the fifth year(1509AD ). Feudalism lords of Mongolian tribes were intangled fight, then invaded into Hetao, and the Ming government defended in Hetao. Second, the time of this part is range from the sixth year of Zhengde in the role of emperor Wuzong(1510AD),which is the year Dayan khan united Tartans tribes, to the ninth year of Wanli in regin of emperor Shenzong(1581AD). The rise"Hai Rover"and"Song rover"activated in Qinghai and Songshan areas. At the meantime Erdos tribe entered and managed Hetao. Between"Three Rovers"and Ming Dynasty, truce and battle was interweaved.Third, the tenth year Wanli under the reign of emperor Shenzong(1582AD), which is the year Anda khan passed away, to the ninth year of Chongzhen under the rule of emperor Sizong of Ming Dynasty(1634AD),namely the emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty was in his reign for the eigth year, is mainly analyze the decline of Mongolia"Three Rovers"Shannxi Province and the plan and control of Ming central government.