Chinese Existential Sentence And Its Translation Study

The Chinese existential sentence is a kind of sentence pattern that comparatively has some characteristics, and it occupies a certain proportion in the Chinese sentences, especially on the occasion for describing the scenery. The grammarians have well researched on the Chinese existential sentence. They have discussed it greatly with trichotomy, which means they have divided the Chinese existential sentence into three sections to explain separately, but there are still many bifurcations among them. This paper starts with the definition of the Chinese existential sentence, to confirm the basic structure of the Chinese existential sentence. Then through the analysis of the three sections of the Chinese existential sentence, it systematically reproduces their own characteristics of these three sections. The subject of NP₁ is generally affirmative and expresses location. The predicate verb of VP could denote existence, appearance or disappearance. In addition, the verb could add the adverbial in the front and complement or auxiliaries "zhou", "le" or "guo" behind. The object of NP₂ is mainly the agent with partially the recipient or neither. In terms of the semantic characteristics of the Chinese existential sentence, the Chinese existential sentence can be divided into the existential sentence and the fugitive sentence. The existential sentence can also be divided into the static existential sentence and the dynamic existential sentence, and the fugitive sentence can also be divided into the displacement fugitive sentence and the non-displacement fugitive sentence. The characteristic analysis and the semantic classification of the Chinese existential sentence help discuss its English translation better. From the three sections of the Chinese existential sentence, the part of English translation study has separately explained its English translation, and the change and the difference of Chinese-English sentence structure, so as to find a certain principles of translation. Meanwhile, it makes us understand more profound on the Chinese existential sentence. Through classifying and discussing systematically, the Chinese existential sentence is mainly translated into English existential sentence, which has reflected the differences of thinking model between these two languages. Certainly, besides the English existential sentence, the Chinese existential sentence can also be translated into the English inversion, or we can translate the subject of the Chinese existential sentence or the object of the agent and the recipient into the subject of English.