The Research To The Wanrong Alphabet Literacy Campaign From 1958 To 1961

Rural problems has been the most fundamental problem to the Chinese revolution and construction. The education for farmers is an important means to resolve the rural issue. After the founding of the PRC, the promotion of a series of Social movements, such as land reform, mutual aid teams, elementary cooperatives, advanced cooperatives, "Great Leap Forward" and people's commune, were testing the relationship between state and farmers in rural areas. From the point of view of countries, can its policies and measures be supported by farmers and promoted smoothly were related to the consolidation and development of the new people's political power, however what farmers had to consider was how to get maximize interests in these campaigns. All of these had a common precondition, that was farmers must possess a certain degree of cultural knowledge. For the two sides, following the political, economic, they had reached the resonance once again on "the culture". Thus, in the ten years of the beginning of the foundation, a literacy campaign which was lead by government and organized by mass launched immediately across the country, and experienced four times climax ins and outs.1952, the promotion to "Qi Jianhua's quick method of achieving literacy" launched its first climax; 1955, a village in Shandong Province, the successful experience of literacy was reported to the central authorities, under the call of Chairman Mao Zedong, the second Literacy Campaign launched; 1958, with Great Leap Forward of industry and agricultural production, the "leap forward" pace of cultural and education was also much faster, this is the third literacy climax; however, "Great Leap Forward" brought a series of questions, this made the CPC Central Committee reflect to the literacy work in the rural areas, the speed was too fast, but the quality was not high, the phenomenon of retrogradation was very serious. how to consolidate the literacy achievement was the most important issue,1958, "Chinese Phonetic Alphabet" published, "the Means of Phonetic Literacy" become the most important talisman, and the experience Wanrong created in this regard, after reported by the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, Caused the central focus, and made the "instructions on the promotion of phonetic literacy", which started the fourth literacy climax. The object this paper studies is Wanrong "phonetic literacy" campaign.This text is divided into five partsThe first part is the historical background of Wanrong "phonetic literacy" movement. "Phonetic literacy" campaign was the local acting against the background of national literacy campaign, at the same time, it's also the subjective needs of the broad masses of workers and peasants in Wanrong.Part II and Part III describe Wanrong "phonetic literacy" movement. The second part is the literacy practices of Qing Gu, including the selection reason and the literacy practices. The third part is the promotion of the literacy experiences in Qing Gu. including the scope of Wanrong and nationwide.The fourth part is the reflections to the Wanrong Literacy Campaign. propaganda and mobilization, suitable for rural teaching faculty, suitable for teaching materials, centralization and decentralization of literacy form, and pay attention to women, literacy campaign achieved great results.The fifth part analyzes the pros and cons of literacy using the way of mass movement. It analyzes the literacy achievements from the political, economic, educational, and other aspects of the rural landscape. And points the drawbacks of masses movement, such as existing some excesses, focusing only on sensational scene effects, emphasizing unduly on accelerated and ignoring the quality of literacy.The conclusion. The conclusion makes a summary to the successful reason of the Wanrong " Phonetic literacy", and points that the success become inner of Wanrong, as well as, there was close relationship with the country's policy.This paper is seeing historical materialism as a guide, combining the historical study with theoretical analysis, and using the methods of field survey by collecting files at the grassroots level and interviewing statemen. All of this aim to achieve a comprehensive, scientific understanding to Wanrong" Phonetic literacy".