Students' Learned Helplessness And Its' Relationship With The Academic Self-efficacy And Parenting Style In Junior Middle School Metacomprehension

Theory of learned helplessness is reported by American psychologist Seligman. When it is brought up, it coursed some researchers'great interests and extensive attention; they are psychologists, educators, neurobiologists and other researchers, they made a series of researches and exploration on its'producing reasons, developing tendency, its'physical basis as well as psychological intervention and other fields.There are three sub-studies in the research. In the first study, this research established a questionnaire of Middle School Students'learned helplessness. The methods were used include: bibliographic analysis, interview, open questionnaire survey and so on. In the second study, 714 middle school students took part in, including 7th, 8th, 9th, l0th, and 11th grade in Kaifeng. The participants completed the learned helplessness Questionnaire. We investigated the characteristics of middle school students' learned helplessness. In the third study, we analyzed the relationship among learned helplessness, academic self-efficacy and parenting style orientation of middle school students.The results are as follows:1. The learned helplessness questionnaire of middle school students includes four factors: cognition, attribution, emotion and behavior. The results indicated that the questionnaire has high reliability and validity. It can be used to investigate the Learned helplessness of middle school students in China.2. The learned helplessness shows a significant difference between gender'different score level. Boys are in higher level than girls on cognition, attribution, behavior and the total score of the learned helplessness significantly. The learned helplessness of higher grade is much more than that of lower grade students. The score of the learned helplessness is toward a graduate increased tendency when students are ranked from high to low scoring level, where students in the poor level got the highest score of the learned helplessness.3. The learned helplessness has significantly negative correlation with academic self-efficacy and Parental warmth; meanwhile, the learned helplessness has significantly positive correlation with parental punishment, excessive interference, favoritism, rejection and overprotection. The parenting styles influence learned helplessness through academic self-efficacy. The academic self-efficacy is a mediator in this model.