| With the problems of global and regional resource, environment and development being more and more serious since 1960's and 1970's, the comprehensive study on regional development has become one of the front fields of economic geographical study.The Loess Plateau is a complete and integrated geographical unit, and the serious maladjustment in regional population, resource, environment and development system (abbreviation: PRED system) is the most typical integrated characteristic of it. According to the analyses of Longdong area as a case study, the irrational pattern of land use, especially agricultural production, is the key factor that results in the serious maladjustment and vicious circle in PRED system in Longdong area. Furthermore, the rapid growth of population with low quality is the root of generation and existence of the vicious circle.Having rethought about the history of its development and having comprehensively considered its location, resource features, the present state of its development and external circumstances of Longdong area, the author of this paper thinks that tow most important goals of the future development of Longdong area should be 'to enrich the masses of the people in the area' and 'to protect its eco-environment'. According to the principles of the biggest feasibility and the greatest contributions to the goals in Longdong area, development of eco-agriculture and eco-processing industries of agricultural products should be put in the first place as a key to the breakthrough of regional sustainable development. Urbanization and development of cities and towns can provide conveniences for development of eco-agriculture and relevant processing industries and promote their development, in return, the latter can supply economic impetus to accelerate urbanization and development of cities and towns. So there is a good and mutually promoting mechanism between two sides. The vicious circles in PRED system may be broken and coordinative development may be realized in Longdong area by this mechanism .The development in Longdong area should follow the development pattern of multi-promotion with the emphases decided in the light of market condition. All kinds of favorable factors should be utilized fully in Longdong area in the future. Longdong area should try to get more investment from the central government and in the meanwhile, make more efforts to improve its soft and hard circumstances to attract multi-channels investments. The development of eco-agriculture and eco-processing industries of agricultural products should be stressed and paid more attention. As to such traditional and major industries asenergy industry and chemistry industry, we should make their relevant enterprises become qualified and unattached to government in market economy through the perfection of reform and the improvement of management aiming mostly to enhance their competence ability.The regional development of Longdong area should be based on the 'Pole-Axis' system which is made up of the main cities and towns and their major connection lines. And cities and towns should fully play their crucial part as growth poles of the development in Longdong area.
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