| Mao Zedong's activities are deeply rooted in the inner heart of we Chinese. And the guiding thought of such activities is Marxism. Young Mao Zedong's transformation from a democrat to a Marxist experiences three stages: from patriotism with hatred to the denial of the theory of constitutional monarchy (1901--1911); from the belief of democratism to the denial of non-social-political theory (1912--1919); from the search of ideal system to the decision of Marxism (1920--1919).Internal cause is the basis of transformation, while external cause is the condition of transformation. Young Mao Zedong's transformation is the result of the internal and external's joint influence. And there are four factors helping to bring about such a transformation. The first is the natural consequence of the times (the influence of his environment and the time). New Cultural Movement, the enlightenment symbolizing the decline of the old time and the newborn of the new time, particularly "New Youth" edited by Chen Duxiu deeply influences young Mao Zedong's ideal of searching for the truth of saving our country. The great "October Revolution" and "May 4th Movement" offer him opportunities to know Marxism and Leninism, and apply them into practices of Chinese revolution, thus building a highly ideal belief. The second is the culture of Hunan province. Holding integrity in esteem, advocating revolution, taking the democratic as main thoughts, praising highly practical study and upholding practice, etc., all these produce active influences on young Mao Zedong's transformation on thought in building his outlook on life and world outlook. The third is the help from those intellectuals of Marxism thoughts fastening his transformation. At that time, Li Dazhao in Beijing, Chen Duxiu in Shanghai and Cai Hesen, etc., all help him study the experience of "October Revolution", cultivating and guiding him to know Marxism and Leninism. The fourth is young Mao Zedong's firm belief and political practices advancing his final decision. His social values of saving the country and people deeply influence the evolution of his selecting ways of reforming society, and simultaneously determine his adopting and abandoning various social reformatory theories. In summarizing the experience of the two movements-Expelling Zhang and the Autonomy of Hunan, he in the end chooses the way of social reforming with Marxism armed struggle.Those factors of young Mao Zedong's transforming to Marxist as the above explained make his thoughts transformation take striking features. First, time is short and changing is fast, embodying the rapidness of transformation. Second, his accepting Marxism is mainly due to the requirement of actual struggles, i.e., practice rationality, instead of the reading of academic selection by reading Marxists texts. The class struggle has an immediate result. Third, he adheres to the direction of the unity of theory and practice, and the combination of intellectuals and the Masses, "speaking based on the human life reality". Fourth, by the reformation of his thoughts with emphasis, and the continuous denial of the "old self", he gradually realizes the fundamental changes of his world outlook. With the distinguishing and comparing of various theories and doctrines, he strengthens firmly his belief on Marxism and abandons various erroneous thoughts.Young Mao Zedong's transformation to Marxist has a great and widespread historical significance. His transformation to Marxism finally makes him a great Marxist, a Chineselization Marxism-the founder of Mao Zedong thoughts, a great leader of revolution and construction, and a great politician with much influence for almost a stage. And at the same time, owing to the urgent needs of revolution, he has no time to cleanse his previous beliefs, and consequently in his thought transformation there inevitably exists transparent historical confinement. This historical confinement is used to analyze the theoretical influence of Mao Zedong's seeking "what is socialism and how to construct socialism"... |
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