| China is a socialist multi-national country under a unitary reign. The fact is that over 50 nationalities have their individual characteristics and lived in their individual stage of social development before the foundation of the People's Republic of China; and this has led to the complexity and protracted nature of China's national issues. As is revealed by Marxism and Leninism, national issues are of great significance in a multi-national country. This is especially true in China, a country with a variety of nationalities, a vast territory and a larger population. Therefore, it's undoubtedly a matter of importance to handle properly issues related with local minority nationalities. In the initial stage of PRC, China's minority races were quite different from one another in their conditions and backgrounds concerning population, distribution, history, culture, tradition and present social stage. Hence, to handle properly China's internal national issues has been one of the major tasks faced by CPC and the democratic PRC after success of the Chinese revolution. As early as in the period of the democratic revolution of the old type, some nationalities began to seek for the key to the Chinese national liberation. However, the key ?that is, Marxism and Leninism as the ideological weapon for examining and resolving national issues ?hadn't been found until the introduction of leadership of CPC, which led to a leap in the cognition of China's national issues. CPC, which integrated China's national conditions with Marxist theory of nationality on the basis of its knowledge of China's national issues, formulated a series of theories, principles and policies for the resolution of China's national issues and eventually succeeded in addressing quite a lot complicated nationality-related issues. CPC's national policies, which have run through every aspect of its tasks carried out in minority nationality regions, are quite colorful and all-sided in content. CPC's national policies are based on national equality; the Marxist national policies are aimed at prosperity and advancement of all nationalities as a whole; and regional national autonomy was then instituted as one of China's major political policies for resolution of national issues. As far as national issues are concerned, the policy of regional national autonomy, instead of that of national democratic confederation, has been formulated and practiced in China. The autonomy policyhas been proved suited to China's reality and embodied the superiority of socialist China. As an example of organic combination of China's centralization and regional autonomy in minority nationality regions, as well as that of organic integration of political and economic factors, the regional national autonomy policy ranks among many great creations achieved by CPC and the Chinese people. China's regional national autonomy is the result of combining the conditions of China's national issues with Marxism and Leninism. It's formulated with China's historical and practical conditions taken into account, and is based on the distribution of minority nationalities, distribution of resources and unbalance in their economic development. In a word, it's the common historical choice made by all Chinese nationalities.As an integral part of China, Xinjiang has been well known for its anti-splittism tradition. Considering the fact that Xinjiang was a multi-national, economically unbalanced and backward region, it's exceptionally important for us to free ourselves from old ideas, and be practical and realistic in pursuing the regional national autonomy. After Xinjiang's peaceful liberation in 1949, the provincial Government of Xinjiang was soon constituted by representatives from different nationalities and communities. The provincial government then, according to "Common Program of the People's Political Consultative Conference", formulated its administrative principles on the basis of Xinjiang's situation, putting an end to the national oppression policy practiced long by the anti-revolution...
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