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From "National Self-determination" To "Regional Autonomy Of Minority Nationalities"

Posted on:2008-04-16Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:B XuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360215457765Subject:Ethnology
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The historic transformation from "National self-determination" to"Autonomy of minority areas" on the basic policy towards nationalities of the CPC nearly had experienced the entire process of the New-democratic Revolution .We may use "three-points and two- lines" to summarize its three key links and two quantitative change stages.The first "point" refers to the 2nd National Congress of the CPC. It is the historic beginning for the CPC to bring forward the "National self-determination". The 1st National Congress of the CPC just admitted the right of national self-determination in an indirect, general way. The 2nd National Congress of the CPC brought forward the view of national self-determination for solving the problems of Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang, which were becoming more and more seriously since 1840. Under the social and historical conditions in that time, this had both inherent independence, exterior conditionality and history limitation, real rationality. The interaction among above four aspect factors formed one strands of the "Historic resultant of forces", which composed the historic inevitability that the 2nd National Congress of the CPC brought forward the view of national self-determination.The first "line" refers to the stage from the 2nd National Congress of the CPC to the 6th Plenum of the 6th Central Committee of the CPC. It is the rising stage of the view of national self-determination. In this stage, the view of national self-determination generalized and rose gradually to the basic guiding principle for the CPC solving the domestic ethnic problems. However, the CPC showed obvious reservation towards the guiding principle in practice. This is the profound reflection that it did not accord with the actual conditions in China, and also is a sort of concrete embodiment that the CPC was exploring the new way to solve the domestic ethnic problems under the condition of admitting the right of national self-determination. It was in the process that the CPC germinated, brewed the new ideal and form—"Regional autonomy of minority nationalities" to resolve the domestic ethnic problems. The second "point" refers to the 6th Plenum of the 6th Center Committee of the CPC. It is the historic sign that the gravity of the ethnic policy of the CPC transfers from the "National self-determination" to "Regional autonomy of minority nationalities". This notable change implicates the incisive historic inevitability. Firstly, it is an objective need to oppose the Japan aggressor who built puppet regimes in China declaring the "helping national self-determination" as a pretense. Secondly, it is the inevitable demand for building and maintaining the Anti-Japanese National United Front. Thirdly, the CPC's maturing in thought, theory, politics and organization provided the necessary subjective condition for its carrying out the transfer. Fourthly, the closer and closer touches between the Communist Party of China and the minority as well as the long-term endeavor to explore the new way of solving domestic ethnic problems set the practical foundation for the idea of regional autonomy of minority nationalities provided by the CPC.The second "lines" refers to the stage from the 6th Plenum of the 6th Centre Committee of the CPC to the 1st Plenary Meeting of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In this stage, the ethnic policy of the CPC appeared the situation that the "national self-determination" and "regional national autonomy" coexisted. But, the coexistence is not a kind of equilibrium existence side by side. In the process, the word of "National Self-determination" died out, and yet the policy of regional autonomy of minority nationalities became maturing gradually.The third "point" refers to the 1st Plenary Meeting of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On this session, "Common Program of the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference" was passed, which was the temporary constitution characteristically. It made the clear rule: "The regions where minority nationalities live in compact communities should carry out the regional autonomy of minority nationalities." So the system of the regional autonomy of minority nationalities was established formally as the basic political form for New China to resolve the ethnic problems. At the same time, it also declared that the CPC abandoned the view of national self-determination and the federal system. This is a historic choice made by all people of nationalities in China who take the CPC as a leading core, which is not only according with both the basic principles of Marxism on state and nationality but also the specific actual conditions of China.In a word, the historic transformation of the basic policy towards nationalities of the CPC from national self-determination to regional autonomy of minority nationalities is an inevitable result that the CPC combines the basic principles of Marxism on state and nationality with the concrete reality of ethnic problem in China. The positive and negative historical experiences have testified: both of the view of national self-determination and the federal system is unsuitable for China's actual conditions; only can we carry out the system of regional autonomy of minority nationalities, which is the only unique correct way to solve ethnic problems of China. This is the basic conclusion from my paper.
Keywords/Search Tags:Basic policy towards nationalities, Transformation, Communist Party of China, National self-determination, Regional autonomy of minority nationalities
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