| The dilemma of highway engineering competitive bidding is to bid low enough to win the contract but high enough to make profit. To solve the problem, likelihood and statistics are used in this paper to decide the maximum mark-up based on the collected data, and then the bidding price is determined. This paper discusses the redistribution of the unit price by using unbalanced bidding skills, in order to increase contractor's benefits. A benefit comparison model is developed and solved by computer to analyze the unbalanced bidding caused by project quantity, and then the running result is explained. The advantages and disadvantages of some risks analysis methods are compared. Since risk analysis plays an important role in competitive bidding, a method based on considering stochastic and fuzzy characteristics of risk is applied to quantify risks caused by fulfilling the contract. As for unbalanced bidding risk analysis, the model running results in some cases is demonstrated by using the quantities as random variables. Some measures of risk treatment are also presented. Finally, a case analysis using above approaches is demonstrated.
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