Research On The Employment Migration Patterns In The Developing Pole Area--A Case Study Of Pudong New Area In Shanghai

Nowadays employment migration is the dominant part of migration in China. It has deep social economic influence on both immigrating areas and emigrating areas. Research on employment migration patterns is the key to find out Chinese population migration patterns. With the intense social economic changing, developing pole area pulls in large-scale employment migrants. To realize the social geographic process in developing pole area, one needs to study mutual responses between employment migration and social economic development.Using spatial analysis method, based on the data of the national census of 2000 and the floating population census and surveys of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, the author developed structural patterns and spatial patterns of employment migration, discovered its influence on population and economy development.The paper characterized the employment migrants in several fields. As age is concerned, young and middle-aged people are the largest group. Male is older than female at age peak, lager in age span. Gender and age patterns can be separated and show certain simplicity in different migration dimensions, different urban country source and different migration reasons. As education level is concerned, most employment migrants are low educated. People from different emigrating areas, in different migration reasons are different in education, which reflects people's social economic situation. Employment migrants mainly work in the second industry of the low technique level and service industry with high labor intensity. To some extent education level is positive correlative with the level of industry. As marriage is concerned, people who are unmarried and at the first marriages occupy the majority of employment migrants. Women's fertility level is extremely low in census year, which reflects women suffering a kind conditionality from employment. As spatial pattern is concerned, migrants concentrate in the rapid developing industry belt and around. The emigrating areas of those migrants are dispersing. It also shows push-pull mode between lower economic level in emigrating areas and more employment opportunities in immigrating areas.The employment migrants modify the population state in the developing pole area in manner of increasing work force, delaying aging and partly transforming population distribution. The social economy of immigrating areas has certain selectivity to employment migrants in gender, age and education etc. The migrationactivity positively related with economic growth in the immigrating areas, which shows great contribute from employment population.All in all, research employment migration patterns in developing pole areas are good enrichment for population migration studies. More research needs to be done on this social geography phenomenon.