| In recent years, the issue on the system reform of state-owned commercial banks, especially when the Bank of China and the Construction Bank of China have committed to the joint-stock reform as an experimental unit, has been greatly concerned by the nation and even the whole world. Regarding to this issue, Chinese state-owned commercial banks have inevitably to be confronted with such a tough problem—the large amount of banks' bad loans. A great majority of the state-owned commercial banks' bad loan rate cannot achieve the requirement according to "the Basel Agreement". Therefore, it makes a great sense to analyze the internal causes of the generation of the bad loan, and therefore, to defense the regeneration of the bad loan, in the state-owned commercial banks.This paper analyzes the internal causes of the generation of the bad loan in Chinese state-owned commercial banks, and provides some suggestions on the defense on the regeneration of the bad loan, defining the Chinese state-owned commercial banks' bad loan and its present situation, using some theoretical methods in economics and information economics regarding to the aspects of economic system, property right system, government, enterprises and the banks' interior.Part One IntroductionThe classified method of the loan risk is a method which classifies the loans, based on the risk. The foundation of this classified method is the risk level of the loan, and in essential, is the possibility that the borrower can return the whole loan and the interest in due time. According to the analysis of the following six factors, we can estimate the possibility of the return: 1.the return ability of the borrower; 2.the loan record of the borrower; 3.the return inclination of the borrower; 4.the guaranty of the loan; 5.the legal obligation of the loan return; 6.the management of the loan in banks. Based on the situation of the loan risk, we use the classified method of the loan risk and classify the loans into five classes: normal, attentionable, inferior, questionable and losing, in which the latter three is called the bad loan. To solve the problem about the state-owned commercial banks' bad loan will benefit the safety of the national economy, defense the emergence of the crisis, assist the re-regulation of the relationship between the banks and the enterprises, deepen the reform, smoothen the system innovation and accordingly push the development of the national economy.Part Two The Present Situation of the Chinese State-owned Commercial Banks' LoanDue to the restriction of the long-term planned economy system and the impact of the economic speedy growth, Chinese state-owned commercial banks accumulate a great amount of bad loans. With the accumulation and the emergence of the bad loans, credit fund rotation rate slowed down, management expense enlarged, state-owned commercial banks are confronted massive credit risk and liquid risk. The amount of the bad loan is surprisingly huge. The financial report of the People's Bank of China in 1999 indicated that the sum of the loans in all sorts of financial organizations had been added up to RMB 93734 billion, and the sum of deposits RMB 108779 billion. By the end of 1999, the bad loans of the four major state-owned commercial banks to the totle loans was 2.7%. Therefore, it is an emergent issue for the banks to solve the bad loan and defense the financial crisis. Part Three The Analysis to the Generation Causes of the Chinese State-owned Commercial Banks' Bad LoanFrom the aspect of the economic system, the enterprises cannot depend on the capital accumulation on their own, and accordingly, lack the capital sources.The property right of the Chinese enterprises and the bank is identical, which are both controlled by the state-owned capital. The enterprises and the banks are restricted weakly. Chinese government interferes the internal management of the state-owned commercial banks through administrative way. Although economy reform has committed to the refor...
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