A Shift From Identity Of Cognition To Unity Of Practice

The developing process of western philosophy includes:ancient noumenon, modern knowledgeable view, German classic philosophy and Marx's philosophy. In this process, every development and surpass is based on the theoretical frame of relation between subject and object. We can say that each reform of thinking pattern in philosophy is a re-orientation of relation between subject and object which determines the evolution and development of philosophy in itself.Ancient noumenon begins with experienced issues to seek for the essence of materials that are in line with the world, thus results in the logical establishment of transcendent nounmenon. Or it begins with the spiritual object of transcendence to seek for the spiritual essence leading to an opposition of noumenon and experienced world. At this time the object haven't derived from the world's integrity. In a more rigorous sense, the dual-divided relationship between object and subject haven't yet formed. In the late period of ancient Greek's philosophy, the relation becomes object and main body of philosophy with the establishment of self-awareness. From then on the relation was regarded as the critical premise of philosophical theory.Modern philosophy translates the relationship issues of subjective and objective into thinking and existence and modern experience sent deems that "object" determines the "concept", however the universal inevitability of scientific knowledge that takes the concept for form lost the rational basis which sequentially still trapped within the Hume's skeptical theory corner. Nevertheless the materialist pie deems that "object" defines the "concept", but the existence form of thinking itself cannot get effective positivitat which sequentially generates Leibniz's dogmatism. German classical philosophy sets out from system to solve the theoretical conundrum of modern philosophy in the subjective-objective relations, and Kant translated the Heterogeneous dualism of subject-object world into unity to the subject of homogeneous phenomena in border which realized the cognitive thinking under the identity of the object of paradigms, caused the isolation between subject world and ontology world, so subjectivity becomes the existence of a non-free due to restrictions.Marx starts off from practice and integrates the subjective and objective relation into man's perceptual activity to world changing. The subject is not the epidemic subject of rationality field any more but the perceptual subject of practice field, the objective subject is not the cognitive object of speculative field also but the material existence which has been produced and transformed in the practice field and the subjective activity is not the thinking activity to world explanation but the creative activity of world transformation. In such way, Marx completes the transformation of subjective and objective relation from epistemology to praxis and therefore the human history will be taken as the civilization history to the creation activity of objective world; the subjective activity will be taken as the objective practice activity in subject-object seen; the freedom and libration will be taken as the perceptual freedom exists in realistic practice field. Marx's paradigm knowledge of philosophical revolution to subject relation is not only a surpass to the traditional western philosophy thinking mode but also a great instructive guidance to the socialist construction nowadays.