A Research Of The Path Of China's Socialist Modernization

The practice of modernization in the 20th century evokes the interest and thought of modernization process among a majority of scholars. The abrupt vicissitude of it brings about arguments and amendment of modernization theory. Generally, modernization theory is a systematic and complicated new branch of science. With interdisciplinary feature, it is also a concept system constituted by complex theory. Though modernization theory has been strongly opposed, criticized, and even denied by some scholars ever since it came into being, by now, there is no such better theory that can replace it and better explain the vicissitude happening to vast developing countries. A great many scholars still show special preference to modernization theory; they analyze and discuss modernization concept deeply, strictly and scrupulously from every science perspective like Economics, Politics, History, Sociology, and Psychology, etc. greatly enriching people's knowledge about modernization theory and largely promoting academic accumulation of it.Base on different divisions, modernization theory is classified into two main types. One is to regard modernization as a process, aiming to describe the whole vicissitude process from traditional society to modern society, the tradition and modern being two endpoints of modernization. The other is the modernization theory of Capitalism and that of Socialism, emphasizing the differences of social natures. The differences are mainly about the ways and means of realizing modernization more than principle opposition. The socialist modernization process in our country is a contradictory unity mingling with improvement and tribulation, and a process which makes choices and develops continuously. The practice of socialist modernization in our country started from 1949 when the Communist Party took power in mainland; and it has been 61 years. The 61-year practice evokes the thought about modernization theory. By and large, this period can be divided into two parts:establishment (1949-1978) and development (1978-now). In the first part, the Communist Party paved economic, political and cultural ways for socialist modernization; in the second part, socialist modernization develops in its full swing macroscopically and microscopically on the basis of the first part; the first being necessary conditions and historical background of the second, and the second being expansion and deepening of the first, making it possible for us to analyze the relation of historic pathway of relative socialist modernization process.This article applies socialist modernization process theoretically and analyzes it historically based on the division of the second type. In chapter one, it analyzes the research background of modernization. In chapter two, it describes relative research theory and methodology-concept and relationship issues about tradition and modernization, and concept issues of modernization in research theory; respective features, advantages and disadvantages of the three researching methods in methodology. In chapter three, it analyzes the whole process of socialist modernization in our country during the period from 1949 to 1978, retrospects historical conditions and limitations before the Reform and Opening up, and discusses mainly about the socialist modernization features. First, it discusses several important aspects about modernization theory related to socialist modernization, and compares the differences and relations between Capitalism modernization and Socialist modernization; and then it discusses the political basis, economic basis and political relations of socialist modernization. In chapter four, it mainly analyzes the necessary conditions of socialist modernization on the basis of macroscopic analysis, including political premise condition and ideological premise condition. It rethinks the traditional revolutionary theory and its social influences on the basis of historical background analysis in chapter three, and analyzes the positive functions and negative influences of revolutionary doctrine and nationalism. In chapter five, it sums up and describes the modernization process, briefly summarizing the great achievements in economic, political, cultural and social aspects since 1978 and the problems during the developing process. In chapter six, it investigates and analyzes several important problems in micro-field of modernization. It analyzes the influences and consequences of the changes of land policy during modernization process, and the issues and relations about the flexibility and rigidity of Chinese politics. Finally, it puts forward the importance of individual experience and inspiration, and great contribution to academic research, aiming to amend and improve the opinions of former west scholars by way of quantitative research. The last chapter is the summary and introspection of socialist modernization theory and practice, raising some suggestions and opinions about the future development of socialist modernization, aiming to deepen the development of modernization research.In methodology, this article divides modernization into Capitalism modernization and Socialist modernization on the basis of national nature. It studies in depth the problems of socialist modernization process in our country, discusses the historical background and premise of socialist modernization based on former research and widely usage of modernization theory in the process, and proposes and analyzes the several questions about macro-process and micro-field since the Reform and Opening up. Integrated with practical experience of socialist modernization in our country, it analyzes historic origin, achievements and problems through historical analysis, comparison of modernization theory, and political development theory, proposes some suggestions and opinions about socialist modernization in our country, and analyses in depth the achievements, problems, limitations and solutions during the process.