International Non-government Organization And The Reconstruction Of Afghanistan

The Reconstruction of Afghanistan followed the invasion of America and the Bonn Conference in 2001. In the reconstruction which leads by western powers and International Organizations, International Non-government Organizations play an important role in economic and social sectors such as medical, education and microfinance.The first three chapters of this thesis describe the development of INGOs in the turbulent history in Afghanistan and their internal and external environment in Afghanistan. INGOs engaged in refugee relief activities which were affected by the fund and political environment. Now the most staff of INGOs is Afghanistan, and their fund relies on the aid from western countries. In the context of reconstruction of Afghanistan, INGOs avoids in the innovation of military action of the International Security Assistance Force, calling for UN pull more strength in humanitarian activity. The fourth chapter describes that the INGOs protract and institutionalize their education and medical services, INGOs meet challenges in demining from the private enterprise. INGOs cooperate with Government of Afghanistan in education sector, handing over full-equipment school to Education Ministry. In the fifth chapter I describe in the beginning of the reconstruction of Afghanistan INGOs carried out "Cash for Work" projects which are absorbed by the National Solidarity Programme. INGOs participate in the National Solidarity Programme and launch small credit program. Because the National Solidarity Programme lacks fund for next step, and the small credit has a high loan rate, there is still some doubts that the development projects would be sustainable. In the sixth chapter I describe that INGOs advocate the women rights. International human rights Non-government Organizations expose many human rights violations in Afghanistan. In the legislation of Shia Personal Status Law there are many disputes between INGOs, religion associations and Afghan women NGOs. The disputes and disagreement shows that the civil society is far from mature, implying that the women issue mixed by religion and tradition is very complicated to solve.In summary, fueled with large amount of fund, INGOs have institutionalized the education and medical services, meeting challenges from private enterprises in demining. Although INGOs receive large amount of fund, they avoid involvement of military action. INGOs advocate civil society play an important role in the reconstruction of Afghanistan, but the civil society organizations are difficult to form a joint force in women issue.