The Research Of "the Bible" And Thoughts Of Natural Law

Christianity culture is one of the most important characteristics of the western civilization. Original sin and saving, the nature of human and spirit, the sense of crime and love, faith and rescue, these propositions of echoing each other have offered deep tension for the development and renewal of Christianity culture. " The Bible " is a classical creation of Christianity culture, " the Old Testament " emphasizes self-consciousness of human being's limitation, and "the New Testament " regards Jesus Christ as model of possessing mankind's sacred nature and provides the possibility and way of keeping it for men. In the era of belief, an ecclesia is a more important social community than a country. The religious values are leading factors among social values, especially when religious system was organized and became the dominant factor that influenced western political and social life. Under this historical existence circumstances, westerners have generally accepted the concept of Christianity, so western social culture, moral concepts, legal consciousness and political principles are still having been influenced by the resources of Christianity thoughts till now. The natural law is a mainstream of western intellectual history, and has continuous and profound influence on the fields of politics, law, ethics, etc. History and metaphysics (including philosophy and theology) are the background and power of understanding the natural law thoughts, and the notes to them are the result from complicated interaction among various kinds of powerful thoughts in history. "Universe", "God", "Reason ", "Exist " expressed by their inherent vocabularies to show their inherent spirit in each area, are the concepts that always precisely embodied in the natural law thoughts. "Nature", showing the concept of natural instinct, related with some ultimate points and purposes, represents authority, determinacy and common application. From ancient times to modern days, all the natural law thinkers regard reason as the kernel of thinking. Goodness, justice and reason are the key contents of the natural law thoughts, and have repeatedly appeared in western intellectual history. The history of religion and philosophy is the course of seeking "supreme rule" of thoughts, which is the secret source of the natural law, moulds the western spirit and destiny, and reflects western basic faith and spiritual tradition. People usually regard the relationship between faith and reason as the relationship between faith and science, ecclesia and institute, Jerusalem and Athens. The domestic educational circles of legal principle theory favor the rational tradition of Athens in the natural law thoughts too much, while they pay little attention to the prerequisite of Athens'reasonable tradition, that is they neglect the priori foundation for rational faith. Besides, the faith in Jerusalem and its tendency to philosophy and reason seems to not be included in the academic vision yet. The way of collective and factitiously cutting off the relationship between faith and reason is dogmatic and against the history. The ancient natural law thoughts make the traditional external strength of nature and universe and the traditional inherent strength of reason and goodness interconnect within this category of reason, and it is the first finishing period of rational centrism. The rational God created the order of the whole world as well as the order in personal heart. The world is a existence of purpose, in accordance with the wholly reasonable order and the individual's natural instinct. It is also a personal natural obligation. Reason is not only the essence of the universe order, but also the essence of the social life, so the law, as reason, reflects both the essence of universe and the nature of human beings. The prerequisite foundation of any metaphysic theory has elements of faith, such as the noumenon, idea. The supreme achievement of Greek philosophy is that it defines noumenon of the world as an idea of goodness, which corresponds to God in Christianity. The reason that the meeting point between mental world of Christianity and Greek mental world could be really firmed lies in the image of Jesus Christ's sacred "logos". Thanks to this term, thinking and expression of Christianity began its long connection with philosophy. Having gone through godfather period, reason and faith can be combined in a better way in scholasticism of the Middle Ages. The way of explaining faith combining with reason is received and adopted by modern theology. The faith advocated in "the Bible", mixing with reason, led to the formulation of the rationalism tradition of the western theology, and the combination of faith and logos is the reason for is why the theology of prolonged. God of pictorializing, personification is "prerequisite of faith", God becomes a concept, a principle, a piece of creed. God is the last supportand origin of thinking, and the theology is " sediment of faith ". God's image was getting plump with the development of scholasticism. God's attribute is the most lofty existence. Its characteristic is: as an ultimate reason, God is the only sacred one; as the first reason, God is the creator and holder of the universe, who creates everything and exists in everything, but nothing can not be on behalf of and limit him; as supreme intelligence, God knows everything, and people's intelligence stems from the faith in God's intelligence; and as the supreme goodness, he gives people the reason to distinguish good and evil, in which way the human existence order could be established. Just because God is supreme intelligence and goodness, the order that he designed for the whole is the most natural and just. The idea of rescue, after absorbing and accepting the thoughts'legacies of the reason and natural order in ancient natural law, was transformed into a political ideal of Christendom of the society. The only spirit which symbolizes common justice and universal fraternity, the sacred moral laws of "faith, hope, love " and the eternal world of goodness and beauty —the faith of the paradise incorporates western cultural life, which causes a change of the western natural law thoughts, is a change from ancient natural reason of law into sacred moral law. Under the theory of sacred purpose showing the concept of rescue, the relationship between people and God, people and the world is the prerequisite to understand theology natural law. The characteristic of the thoughts is the philosophy tendency of religion in Middle Ages. "The Bible" offers the most general " words " of analyzing and thinking, the highest "authority" of explanation and final reference for Middle Ages. "The Bible" becomes a philosophy masterpiece, including essence of legal philosophy and political philosophy. The people who have not admitted and believed in God could also experience the natural agony and happiness, and find the purpose and meaning of the world. The natural life needs to be more perfect. Only walking out of nature, one could make himself become spiritual and share the freedom given by God. The world is a place that soul is forged, and nature is the foundation that the spirit grows up. Both the politics and social thoughts of Middle Ages regard the sacred order of creating the world as the foundation and ultimate goal, reason is the intermediary and bridge whether human nature is promoted to deity, but reason can not realize that rescued soul and spiritual perpetuation still needenlightenment and favor from god, which is obviously reflected in theology natural law ideological system of Aquinas. Theology of natural law in Middle Ages took the God for the highest kindness and intelligence, took the law of God for the supreme criterion of internal attitude and external behavior, and took Christendom as its support. Under the rescue idea, it has the new characteristics of compatibility, positivism, reality and permeability compared with the ancient natural law. There are deep and extensive symbols and meaning that could explain the relationship between philosophy and religion. "Philosophy and religion", "reason and faith"—these two kinds of antagonistic factor forms the basic intension of western culture, and the modern natural right is pregnant with such a cultural background. The theme of Protestantism reform is still the key propositions of times of faith: Spirit should be upgraded and the life should be rescued. When Christians rely on the piety and spirit of personal heart, "justification by faith" would be realized, and spiritual freedom and independence would also be realized unintentionally. Modern natural right demand firstly made a start on spiritual field, and then on economic, political field. Rights, power, obligation, responsibility, these categories are contents that modern law science, political science , ethics discussed, and has had specific meaning and censured gradually. Reason is good news for people, and a demarcation limitation of human strength. Reason in natural law thoughts have apriorism that is assumed. The foundation of natural law in ancient times and Middle Ages is the purpose of the world. The natural law of ancient times emphasizes natural reason, which exists in the cosmic space, as well as exists in people's hearts. The natural law thoughts of Middle Ages stresses the God's limitless intelligence that spreads all over the world. A person's reason is sharing with God's intelligence, and these two kinds of world purposes turned into the sacred one of metaphysics. Modern natural right theories were filled with optimism and self-consciousness, and it is very confident to personal reason and general morals being, thus abstract personal reason being sanctificated. Natural law thoughts of ancient times, theology natural law of Middle Ages and modern natural right theory implicate different life ideals and the world view each, including reason, morals, spiritual faith and hope, which...