Way Out To The Social Security System In The Chinese Country

The undertaking of social security concerns everybody. It's not only a national undertaking, but also a civic one. It is one of the most important symbols of the civilization in modern countries. Under the dualistic social structure since the foundation of China, the rights and interests of the rights and farmers were limited to some extent, so that it's very difficult to share the fruits of the economic and social development. China is a great country of agriculture, with the rural population accounting for 70% of all. The undertaking will not be perfect without the participation of the farmers. With the continuous penetration of the Open & Reform Policy, social security, especially the social security in the country, will be widely accepted. In the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of our Communist Party, The CCP's decision on strengthening the construction of the ability of the Party's governance was passed in order to put in the important place the construction of a harmonious society and the promotion of social fairness and justice. It is an important guarantee of constructing a harmonious society to perfect the social security system while it is a substantial part of the construction of a harmonious society to respect and realize the farmers'rights of social security. Therefore, it's of great significance to study the problem of social security in rural China. Generally speaking, the social security system is composed of endowment insurance, Medicare, social relief, social preferential conciliation, social salvation and social welfare, etc. For a long time, the social security system for the farmers by the government has not reached every aspect of the matter, including the systems of "five-guaranteed"supports, cooperative medical treatment, endowment insurance and stipulating the minimum cost of living for farmers. Mostly Chinese farmers will rely on family security and self-security. China began to establish the system of "five-guaranteed"supports in the 1950s. The State Department issued Rules for the practice of "five-guaranteed"supports in 1994, giving "five-guaranteed"supports to the villagers who meet the demands. China is a great country with great diversity in different areas. The government will, according to the reality, encourage the suited areas to probe into the system of stipulating the minimum cost of living for farmers. For other areas, the government will stick to the principles of "Government salvation, mutual society, supporting one's children and steady land policy"and set up the system of providing basic life allowance for the especially poor people. The system of "five-guaranteed"supports and that of stipulating the minimum cost of living will only touch upon a small number of people, while Medicare and endowment insurance will be of vital importance to everybody. In this case, Medicare and endowment insurance are very important in the social security in the country. At present, there are many different forms for the Medicare in rural China, such as the cooperative medical treatment, Medicare, overall planning for the hospitalization expenses and Contracts for prevention and health care, among which the cooperative medical treatment is the most prevalent. The system of the cooperative medical treatment is a kind of health insurance in the country with the characteristic of Medicare which is supported by the government, with funds raised by the broad masses of farmers and the rural economic organizations as well as the practice of mutual aid and cooperation in the medical treatment. Reasons for the low coverage of the Medicare in the villagers all over China to some extent are insufficient source of the funds for Medicare, unstable policies for the cooperative medical treatment in the country, failure of the hygiene system in the country to meet the requirements of civic hygiene and unreasonable configuration of the present rural medical and health resources and so on. The endowment insurance in the country is the system for the country to guarantee the basic life of the elderly people. It's not only the key part of the social security in the country, but an important social policy of the government. However, the actual social endowment insurance in rural China can not cover all the needy people. The areas with the practice of social endowment insurance in the country are mostly the comparatively developed rural areas, where the participants are also mostly the relatively rich farmers.On the contrary, the rather poor farmers in those underdeveloped areas are not capable of insuring themselves, so they couldn't benefit from the endowment insurance, although they are in greater need of this security. Despite the fact that family support is still the major way of guaranteeing one's late years in the country, the family planning policy will be carried out over a long period of time, the resources for family support will be reduced gradually and the ability to support will be weakened year by year. Thus, traditional way of family support will experience unprecedented challenge. In this case, the ultimate approach to solve the problem of endowment insurance for farmers is to develop the social security. As the foreland of the Open & Reform Policy, Zhuhai has set up a relatively comprehensive social security system at an earlier time. By rebuilding the villages inside the city and reforming the household registration system, the process of urbanization has been accelerated; the systems of employment service under the overall plan for both town and country, social salvation , the minimum cost of living under social security in the country and endowment insurance have been set up basically. Among these, the "Medicare", "endowment insurance"and "the rebuilding of the villages inside the city"have been fully recognized by Guangdong Province while the Ministry of Construction also expresses that they will have further research on the "Zhuhai Pattern"and popularization all over the country. The "Zhuhai Pattern"has been used for reference by other areas. The medical care system in rural Zhuhai takes the form of district transaction, which is centered on the insurance for serious illnesses and hospitalization, with low standard under way and high coverage of areas (over 50% now) as well as more beneficiaries. This can ensure the basic medical requirements for the broad masses of farmers, effectively prevent poverty resulting from various illnesses and accelerate the development of socialist market economy. Actually, the endowment insurance in rural Zhuhai issued in January, 1995 The interim procedures for the social endowment insurance in rural Zhuhai. It brought forward the principles of self-security, combination of self-help with mutual benefit and the unity of rights and obligations. Later ithas been enriched and perfected, which greatly brings every positive factor of the farmers into play and makes them sense the warmth of social security system. To a certain extent, this has solved their trouble back at home. The rebuilding of "the villages inside the city"in Zhuhai successfully solved a knotty problem of long-standing during the process of its urbanization. At the same time, this effectively solved the employment problem of the villagers inside this city, accelerated the construction speed of integration between town and country , and realized the "three Wins": villagers have said goodbye to disorder and welcomed civilization; developers have gained more reasonable profits; the government has upgraded its comprehensive ability of city competition. By analyzing the current situation and characteristics of social security system in rural China as well as the moves for social security in the country combining the Medicare and endowment insurance in rural Zhuhai, the author sincerely put forward several countermeasures which are suitable for our national conditions: 1,Making clear the responsibility of the government in the social security in rural China, with the work of strengthening social security in the country as the key strategy, to establish a set of scientific and logical mechanisms of function according to the requirements of logical division of labour, clear responsibility, standardized procedures and effective surveillance. Try our best to make good deeds better and more carefully. 2,Setting up the scientific and logical mechanism of raising funds for the social security in the country through various channels of raising money and financing. The finance must be totally appropriated for the social security and funds for allowances must be put into the financial budget of the same year. Encouraging the villages with some strength to provide some allowances for the farmer participants. Farmers will pay by household the stated proportion of personal cash deposit. Widely admit into the system the participation of commercial mechanism, put into practice the start of low standard, high coverage of areas and wide range of benefits. Gradually enhance the degree of socialization and finally transfer to the social security system with the unity of town and country.