This thesis looks back to the history of local governance theory and analyzes the four component parts of it, which includes the "Polycentric" governance theory, "The Third Way" theory, the collective action theory, the social and civic community thoughts theory. Basing on these theories, this thesis differentiates and analyzes the research validity of the relationship between the local governance and local government again. By analyzing the historical clues of the Federalism and the Unitarianism, this thesis gives a theoretic trend and evolutional rule to the variance of political philosophy. After advancing the new "methodology" to the research of local governance, this thesis introduces a new theoretic "tool" (the "spontaneous order" theory) to the research of local government under the thoughts of local governance. By combing a case study under the Chinese local governance practices, this these prospects the foreground of the Chinese practices and research's development under the thoughts of local governance. Then, this thesis finishes the building of the subjects' structure to the research of local governance theory as a pure scientific research.
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