Sino-Russian (the Soviet Union) relation is one of China's most important bilateral relations, which is the main content of Chinese neighboring friendly policies and building peaceful neighboring environment, and which is also the important aspect of solving the foreign relations between China and other big powers and realizing national strategy. Since Cold War, in the construction between China and other big powers, Sino-Russian relations develop smoothly and set the good example for the construction of other big powers. The summary and study of the historical lessons of China and the Soviet Union is necessary for the development of today's Sino-Russian relations and of China and other big powers. Based on the basic clue of the development of Sino-Russian relations during the past half century, this thesis tries to know the zigzag Sino-Russian relation history in order to find the orderliness, to compare and analyze the international environment, position, national interests etc., from which some important factors influencing the relations of nations and enlightenment can be obtained, namely, international environment is the deepest factor influencing the relations between countries; one chief gist about making foreign policies is to know the basic characteristics of the age exactly; upholding national interests is the fundamental consideration for a nation to develop foreign relations; building the principle of equality, mutual benefits and the mechanism is the guarantee for the normal development of nations' relations and solving appropriately the border issue is the foundation for building the neighboring friendly relationship between two nations.
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