| Since the 1990s, along with the fast advancement of Chinese industrialization and urbanization, a great deal of peripheral farmland of cities and towns has been expropriated. Because the way of using labour is marked by enterprises, traditional governmental placement has malfunctioned gradually, more and more peasants have become a crowd of people without farmland, work or social security, and they have been dissociatng between cities and countryside, and they have been a throng of new type disadvantaged group. The subsistence and development of land-losing peasants have been evolving an attention social problem in China.Firstly, this paper has an empirical analysis by using the data and information of 446 land-losing peasants'households after sampling questionnaire survey and visit in 5 districts and 2 counties in Chongqing City, as well using the data of 1921 land-losing peasants'households coming from the publicized investigation reports by research teams in 16 autonomous regions, cities, provinces in the East, Middle and West of China. The result shows that majority of land-losing peasants in China, including in Chongqing City, their benefits have been encroached seriously and suffered from massive profits loss. They are all facing the problems that expropriation procedures are opaque, expropriation compensation standard is excessively low, living standard drops, the unemployed personnel increases largely, social security is lack, and many difficult problems are left to be solved.Secondly, the paper tries to seek the roots that result in much benefits loss for land-losing peasants from the related system angle. In this part, the paper finds out the main root is the deformity of farmland expropriation system and property right system. Many system factors, such as the boundary of commonweal and commercial farmland expropriation isn't clear, expropriation procedures aren't canonical, expropriation compensation is unfair, principal part of farmland ownership is unclear, rural community of collective land and national land has no equal status, make land-losing peasants suffer great loss. Simultaneously the paper finds duality structure of cities and countryside, role maladjustment of local governments, faultiness of relief system are the important root of land-losing peasants'loss, as well.Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures to protect the benefits of land-losing peasants on the reference of foreign and domestic laws, regulations and measures. To perfect farmland expropriation system and property right system, bring market system into farmland expropriation, admit farmland's commodity attribute can make the land-losing peasants get the real right of use, disposition, usufruct and market value of farmland. The paper suggests local governments locate their roles correctly, withdraw from the farmland transaction market, undertake the roles to construct land-losing peasants'social security system and create a macroscopic environment which the peasants get employed again. At the same time, to establish the multiple mechanism of taking the administrative arbitration as the key point, take the lawsuit way as the core, takng other relief methods as supplemented to solve the farmland expropriation dispute.This paper uses research technique mainly as follows: direct investigation and indirect investigation combination, visit and questionnaire survey combination, criterion analysis and empirical analysis combination, the crosswise research and the longitudinal research combination. The innovation in the paper is an empirical systemic analysis to land-losing peasants'living condition by sampling statistical data and information, in order to makes up the present insufficient research about protecting the benefits of land-losing peasants. Simultaneously it can also provide some feasible advice for all levels of governments to solve the problem of subsistence and development for all land-losing peasants including western area in the process of urbanization.
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