The Role Of Local Government In Process Of Regional Innovation System Construction And Operation

From 20 century 80's, under the background of economy globalization degree continuously deepened, knowledge-based economy ages gradually approaching and the thought of maintaining development widely accepted day by day, the world economy development has presented regional characteristics more and more. Regional innovation is such a phenomenon in which the economy resources, cultural resources and technique resources of native area are closely combined and come into being an industry economy with innovation and special features.The innovation is the most important motive of the regional development. Regional innovation is the way regional development necessarily goes through. The innovation ability and establishment of RIS is becoming the decisive factor which helps to obtain competitive advantage day by day .Under such a new situation, local government must adjudicate the role it acts as in the establishment of the new innovation system and study how to use regional advantage according to the regional characteristics, strengthen independence innovation ability and promote regional economy growth in the new period.This article is mainly divided into four parts.The first part is the summary about RIS. With the analysis of the concept of RIS which Chinese and western scholars define, we know that the concept hasn't been reached a consensus. Combined with our country actual circumstance, the writer tries to make general elucidation about the regional innovation content and main factor of the system. From definition, we can see the RIS is the network which includes various main factors related to the innovation (the organization of innovation implement), the subordinate factors (material condition for innovation need) and the institution and policy moderating each main factor in the particular economy area and cultural background. The target of network system is to improve the creation, flowing, renewal and conversion of the new regional techniques or information. In order to comprehend easily, the article illustrates the relations and operation way of each main factor. The second part is the necessary analysis of local government involved in the establishment of RIS. The local government can save the cost of establishment because of its superiority; the local government should intervene in the establishment of RIS in the light of imperfect market system and weak law system; the exterior request and objective reality of local enterprise's weak competition ability demand that the local government must intervene in the establishment of RIS .In the meantime, the article also analyses several problems the local government should grasp in the establishment of RIS :the dual characteristic of the local government function; the relationship between regional innovation system and national innovation system; the relationship between administration region and economy region; regional innovation doesn't necessarily bring high speed growth of regional economy.The third part is the analysis of the role local government should act as in the establishment of regional innovation system. The role includes:1. The establisher of RIS rule——applying various laws and policies, validly leading each behavior. Law, laws, policy is the tool of government system regulation which have compulsive, general and normative characteristics, also is the important measure by which local government regulate each behavior.2. The guider of RIS establishment——local government should establish innovation leading mechanism which encourages and leads the business enterprise to develop prior technique realm it need urgently and carries on the adjustment of industrial structure and technique upgrade, assembles limited resources to industry realm with the best regional innovation results superior and science and technology item, thus realizes RIS positive operation.3. The service provider of RIS operation——besides various infrastructures with system rule etc., innovation activities also demand government provide some other formal service: material infrastructure; manpower capital investment; providing innovation information, expanding new techniques.4. The coordinator of RIS operation——local government needs to handle relationship with the business enterprise, university , research organization and medium organization; the government needs to coordinate relationship among the business enterprise, university and research organization and medium organization; in the meantime, local government still needs to handle excellent allocation of various innovation resources.5. The inspector of RIS operation——its main task is to supervise and guarantee that the innovators obey to the various policies which make RIS reasonable and validly operate, then keep fine competitive and cooperative relation among each innovator.The fourth part is the discussion about what local government should do to realize the fixation of role it should act as. Local government should make effort in the innovation of idea, organization structure, management measure and various systems in all-directions.1. Principle innovation: Establishing the citizen-based, society-based, market-based idea, erecting the idea that management is equal to service, enhancing serving consciousness. Encouraging innovation, being tolerant of failure.2. Organization innovation: Realizing new breakthrough of organization structure——regional innovation management system reform, remold organization. We can draw lessons from foreign countries and adjust organization according to the current condition of administration system.3. Form innovation: Searching for new management form——the complexity of innovation management requests local government absorb advanced management principle. It concretely includes: the legal management; the person-based management; the flexible management; the market-based management.4. System innovation: Trying to find out new management mode——besides technology innovation, RIS demands that system innovation adjust, replace and complement the existing system in order to realize valid management.According to the different position local government is fixed at, we can divide it into three modes: (1) Central government authorization mode; (2)Playing cooperation mode between the local government and innovators; (3)Local government independence innovation mode.In the end, with the analysis of the five important roles government should act as, we conclude that government isn't omnipotent. In the RIS, government should follow to the principle doing what it is able and reasonable to and act its role well on the RIS stage. Neither"replace"nor"lack". Generally summarizing, government is the first motivation in the process of construction and growth of RIS and exerts regulation function. Government function changes according to the different regional condition. The springboard of government innovating policies should be put on how to start and exert market mechanism function. Only by this way can government exert the biggest effect. The orientation of role for government is proper.