Why Institutional Design Is Possible

Two hundreds years ago, Alexander Hamilton, the one founder of American constitutional system, put forward a problem that can human establish a better government via deep consideration and free choice or only decide their political organization via opportunity and force forever in the front of The federalist Papers. This problem has enlightened the benighted now which make human consider deeply. Here Hamilton put forward a problem about political choice, namely, a problem about the possibility of institutional design. The problem about the possibility of institutional design has been attended by many thinkers in history of western thought and modern western theory horizon. In modern western theory horizon, their each representation is Hayek and Buchanan. This thesis tries to advance a reasonable conclusion via comparative analysis between Hayek and Buchanan's opinion of institutional design and establish a theoretic found for the construction of the institutionalization of democratic politics in modern China.This thesis consists of four parts:The first is introduction which explains the double backgrounds of the problem that why institutional design is possible those are theoretic background that is the rise of the new institutional politics and practical background that is the attention to the institutional problem in political reform in modern China. Based on the review and analysis on research literature of the father, this thesis indicates that institutional design and institutional construction been attended in the China which has a history of thousands years which is worth felicitating, because it indicates that the way thinking about problem has a prodigious advancement—they can discover the thing hiding in surface—institution, the introduction to the institutional theory and the boost up of institutional consciousness bring out a possible load and wish of our reform. However, we found that the Chinese academe ignored the essential problem that if institutional design is possible based on reading writings about institutions. The second is the comparative analysis of Hayek and Buchanan's opinion of institutional design. This part first analyses the opinion of institutional design of Hayek, who was recognized as great thinker created liberalism kingdom and banner-man of new liberalism trend. The core and main crew of Hayek's thought is spontaneous order and Hayek think that institution is grow and can not be created by human from the standpoint of his epistemology and opinion of human ration, because human has not enough intellect and ration to do it, further more, those institutions claimed to be designed by human is forcing a kinds of compulsion to others of a try to construct a eutopia. By contraries, Buchanan thinks that the principle of spontaneous order should not dilatation to the institutional and law domain, while he admits the spontaneous order can be a principle of economic domain and more range of social domain. Buchanan thinks that human's choice via using better institution to replace worse institution facing kinds of institutions been observed and evaluated at the same time. This thesis analyses the reasonable factor of Hayek and Buchanan's opinion about institutional design and matting for the posterior opinion of this thesis itself.The third is this thesis's opinion, which elucidates the reason why institutional design is possible and the theoretical hypothesis of institutional design. This thesis put forward that the history of human society is a history infiltrated human's intervene from the subjectivity of human. Human impose on history continuously, change and create history continuously. So in a sense, social change, political development and institutional variance is a course infiltrated human's try and design in the frame of human history. The thesis put forward two theoretical hypothesizes of institutional design which are the consciousness of shady humanity and the necessary evil of power. The thesis thinks that based on the two hypothesizes to deploy institutional design and political arrange which would bring positive influence on realistic politics.The fourth is a simply conclusion that institutional design is possible and the road of institutional variance would follow its initial design.