Reconstruction And Reform: The Building Of China's Political Institutionalization (1978-1987)

The reform and opening-up policy begun in 1978 is a significant turning point in the political history of China, which indicates the end of the revolution era and the begining of building the socialist modernization stage with Chinese characteristics. Under the Deng Xiaoping's pragmatic guideline, China has criticized and corrected the mistakes of Mao Zedong's mode and carried on a large-scale policy adjustment and structural innovation, which makes it quickly embark on the development way of socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the point of view in political institutionalization, China's reform era has seen a significantly improved level in the political institutionalized. The political system in China has increased the level of China's political life and the rules of rational, satisfying the public's expectations of political stability, and ensured the political system of coordination and orderly operation. In the long term, Chinese politics has also achieved a strong level of political institutionalization upgrade in the base of profoundingly exploring the functions of the existing system, which blazed a political development path with Chinese characteristics .This paper will be divided into four parts in discussion of the initial political institutionalized reformation.The article first part has with emphasis analyzed the Huntington political institution theory, with other scholars to his political institution theory criticism. Through to relevant literature combing, this article thought the political institution took a complex process, fundamentally includes two aspects the contents. one is the political institution own structure optimization and the function consummation, which can be expressed as the political system's efficient and sequent operation. the other is the legitimacy of political system, which displayed for the political institution has obtained public's approval and the respect. These two aspect indispensable constitution politics institution construction constituent, but between this the two complex both conflicted and the consistent relations to provide the broad space for the developing countries in general political development strategy choice.The article second part discussed the Mao Zedong era political institution and the historical heritage。The article believed that, after the founding of the nation, China transplanted Soviet Union to result in the development pattern, therefore China's political development also day by day tended to the Soviet Model characteristic, but Mao Zedong the experience which revolutionized based on China has criticized the Soviet Model, and has carried on the transformation to it On the one hand Mao Zedong starts the political movement to increase populace's politics frequently to be involved in, thus changed in the Soviet Model the populace negative passive status。On the other hand Mao Zedong initiated to day by day the complex political institution attack, changes the political life rank and the ossification. But under the development pattern invariable premise, these two aspects diligently and obtains the anticipated effect with difficulty, on the contrary has actually hindered the Chinese politics normal development.The article third part elaborated the Chinese reform initial period political institution construction。Under the reform initial period historical condition, the Chinese political institution construction mainly manifests for the political institution in the structure function adjustment and the consummation process。This process has included three aspect contents: Inner-party authority structure decentralization; Party-Government function separating; National People's Congress independency and its institution performance promotion。The driving force of this process not mainly comes from the economic society factor, it comes from the moderate interaction between the elites which returns to the political arena after the Great Cultural Revolution。The effect of the interaction between the elite depends on three aspects: the elite preferences; the activity qualifications of the elite and the layering of the elite.The three factor different combination is deciding the reform initial period China political institution authority structure evolution.Finally, it concluded that with the developing of China reform, the inner adjusting and perfecting of political power framework has no enough ability to ensure the construction of political system, and therefore how to release the participating pressure from the reform becomes a very hard work in the Chinese political systematization course increasingly.