The Study Of Ideology And Culture At The Beginning Of The Foundation Of New China

This thesis studies the criticisms on ideology and culture at the beginning of the foundation of new China. At the beginning of the foundation of new China, the criticisms on"The Life of Wu Xun", Yu Pingbo and his work"Researches on A Dream of Red Mansions", Hu Shi's thoughts and Hu Feng's thoughts on literature and art are important in the field of ideology. The criticisms have an important impact on the development of New China's ideology and culture. The reason for the formation of the ideology and culture at the beginning of New China is complex, including problems about the way of our party's reigning methods, the ranking of the intellectuals, the academic attributes and values, the religious battle, and the way of reforming the ideology. The analysis of the criticisms is beneficial to investigate the reasons for the criticisms on ideology and culture and the impact on the cultural construction of the socialism.The thesis is divided into three parts.In the first time, the reasons for the criticisms on ideology and culture at the beginning of the foundation of new China are introduced. International situation, domestic situation, the ideological situation of the intellectuals, socialist transformation and the need for constructing social ideology, personal factor and the impact of the academic values of the intellectuals inside the party on the criticisms of ideology and culture are discussed.In the second part, the social function of the criticisms on ideology and culture at the beginning of the foundation of new China is analyzed. While affirming the positive effect of the criticisms on ideology and culture, the author points out the negative effect. The positive effect is that they are good to unify the thoughts of the party as well as the whole nation and to corroborate socialist belief. The negative effect is that during the period of criticisms the academic matters are simplified, extreme and political. That went against the socialist cultural prosperity and development, hurt the intellectuals and left hidden danger for the development of"Left"ideology in the party.The third part, the author reflects on the criticisms on the ideology and culture at the beginning of the foundation of new China mainly from three aspects. The three aspects are the necessity of conducting criticisms on ideology and culture, the irrational factors existing in it and the inspiration for the reality.Through the reflection on the criticisms on the ideology and culture at the beginning of the foundation of new China, the author reaches the following conclusions:1. Solving academic matters with political battles doesn't accord with the development law of science and is not good for the academic prosperity. The main target of criticisms at the beginning of the foundation of new China was academic thoughts. Among them, Hu Shi's thoughts were more complicated and should have been dealt with specifically. Others'thoughts basically belonged to the academic level and should have been regarded as contradictions among the people instead of contradiction between ourselves and the enemy. Arguing and criticism should be adopted to solve the ideological problems and academic matters instead of political methods, even the method to deal with the enemy.2. The method of the ideological transformation of the intellectuals should mainly be through educating. Intellectuals possess special characteristics—they are the carriers of thoughts and the spreaders of thoughts. They have prominent social status and importance. The simplified and extreme way to solve their problems can easily cause the complication of the problems and result in their discontentment and resistance. So the method of guiding, educating and persuading them to accept Marxist world view and methodology are better than suppression, criticism and battle. It is the positive attitude and effective measures to acknowledge the impact of the intellectuals, guarantee their personal and legal rights and lead them contribute to the development of socialist culture.3. The rationality and necessity of conducting the ideological and cultural criticisms at the beginning of the foundation of new China should not be ignored. At the beginning of the foundation of new China, the situation of domestic thoughts is complex, which doesn't accord with the demands of people's democratic dictatorship, the requirements of the socialist transformation and socialist development and the requirements of establishing Marxist guiding position and constructing socialist ideology. So, it's necessary to conduct the ideological and cultural front positively and reliably in an appropriate manner and scale.