Pakistan's Alliance Strategy On Its Foreign Policy

The overall security situation in South Asia Sub-continent basically depends on the bilateral relations between Pakistan and India. Unfortunately, the fundamental theory on the foundation of Pakistan and India has been strongly opposed each other since the beginning of the independence in 1947, which leading to the protracted regional conflict on Kashmir issue with the characteristics of Compound Nature and Overall Magnitude. Under this circumstance, Pakistan had to face the serious threat from its main adversary—India, as it was not able to match the later by itself.During the cold war, Pakistan implemented strategy of alliances with USA in order to restructure the regional imbalanced power comparison in this area. However, it was very difficult for Pakistan to achieve its purpose through the alliance with America for the extremely complex international political environments and not exactly the same objectives between Pakistan and America.After the cold war, the process of multi-polarization has been much faster than before and the new feature of international politics is that the main powerful states take the decisive role on the world stage. Comparing with Pakistan, America has thought highly of India because the latter has been regarding as the potential counter-balanced country to China. Meanwhile, America appreciates Indian democratic system and economic reform, longing for its huge domestic market.As for America, it currently focuses not only terrorism, nuclear proliferation, internal democracy which relating to Pakistan, but also Pakistan's relations with other Islamic states and its neighboring states including India. To some extent, America has its short-term and long-term interests in Pakistan as the latter is on the crossroad. USA holds the view that Pakistan is the way of solving problems and the sources of troubles as well; it is the strategic partner of war on counter-terrorism and the sources of a series of serious problems, even being a participant of possible nuclear war in the future. Washington has to implement "Carrot and Stick" policy constantly as it has no more choices in the short-term view. Meanwhile, Washington must pay enough attention to the events that cared by Pakistan.On the side of Pakistan, it has not even established a set of consummate political mechanism and modern social system because it has a very complexity of various ethnic groups, proud religious influences, and serious imbalanced social economy and absolutely out-dated caste system in tribes. In the new century, Pakistan has been challenged by the "Security Internalization" apparently, including the contradictions among different parties, the contradictions between military and civil-government, the contradictions among various religious branches, and between religions and seculars. Besides these, it also has local disunions, insufficient investment in economy, impartial disparity and serious corruptions. All of these above cannot be solved through alliances.Based on the theory of alliance strategy, the dissertation makes a general narration and specific analysis on the three-time Pakistan-US alliances during and after cold war. It tries to make an objective evaluation of positive and negative effects on Pakistan through some certain events such as Kashmir Issue, the event of East-Pakistan war in 1971, Soviet Union invasion on Afghanistan and the war on terrorism launched by US in 2001.In the end, it points out that Pakistan still needs to take the alliance strategy because of the regional imbalanced power in South Asia and the fast changed international political structure after the cold war. Apart from this, it is a must for Pakistan to alleviate the regional tense situation, avoid holding the arm-race with India as far as possible. Meanwhile, it must develop its economy and enhance its overall strength in order to increase its capability to counterbalance India and the chips on negotiation on alliances with some powerful states in the future. Only put the three sides as a whole, is it the best choice.