On The Paradox Of Dulles' Diplomacy

Dulles is the United States Secretary of State Eisenhower Administration, He lived in the 1950s, That was during the Cold War struggle. Dulles interests of the United States as the representative of, from the bottom of their hearts, tough anti-communist, Many people described him as a "cold warriors", World communism, people call him a "war monger", Each of his diplomatic ideas is Obviously, Viewing communism. Dulles participation from many diplomatic activities, His anti-communist thinking and tough remarks Although intense, But whenever practical actions are prudent, Not blind. This paper attempts to Dulles from the start dealing with several crises, To reveal the paradox of Dulles'Diplomatic - legal and moral and pragmatic realism. This paper is divided into three chapters, in addition to conclusions.Dulles Chapter 1 on the growth of major experience, He formation of the root causes of diplomatic thinking. Dulles by families from the influence of religious atmosphere, Dulles family at the same time there were two secretary of state, That is, their grandfather and uncle, Later on this Dulles had a strong interest in foreign affairs and the family determined to become the third Secretary of State had a crucial impact, Dulles grandfather in a small band when he went to participate in the gathering of political figures, Dulles small eye-opener. When I was studying at Princeton University, Wilson will be subject to the impact of first contact with the public affairs. After the George Washington University Law School studying law after graduation to become a professional lawyer, which is affecting his life career, Dulles diplomatic thinking also reflected in a lot of legal and ethical. This chapter also was vexed by many researchers Dulles and Eisenhower the right relationship described, but also on the Dulles my two reflect its diplomatic thinking of the book - "War, Peace and Change," " war or peace, "a brief introduction.Chapter II, mainly through the three crisis - crisis in the Taiwan Strait, Indochina, the Berlin crisis of exposition to reveal Dulles communism and tough foreign policy thinking, including his massive retaliation, and so on the brink of war and the containment theory. One of the most famous is the large-scale retaliation strategy, the so-called large-scale retaliation strategy referred to the United States and its allies maintain a large-scale response forces, which fought back to force the communist country far better than force, to make opponents know that if they in a public place offensive threat to the security of free nations, the United States and its allies will be effective counterattacks, this response will communist country is far greater than the loss of income. After World War II, communist camp for the development and strengthening of the United States decision-making, such as Dulles began to panic, that this is the threat of the free world. Against this, Dulles continued their public comments, shouting anti-communist. He has in the January 12, 1952, made a public speech, openly dished out large-scale retaliation strategy. He said: "At present, the basic decision to rely mainly on a massive retaliatory force, it can choose to use our weapons and our choice of immediate retaliation." This strategy mainly in the nuclear weapons stakes, it favors the reduction of conventional forces, focusing on expansion of the nuclear missile forces and the strategic air force, in terms of diplomacy than to be implemented by the Truman containment policy more favourite, a more proactive "liberation" policy, that is, of the socialist countries from the Communist Party under the leadership of "liberation" from. The strategy is the establishment of nuclear monopoly in the United States and on the basis of nuclear superiority. In the Taiwan Strait crisis, the Indo-China war and during the Berlin crisis, Dulles once for the United States to send troops to interfere in the question of whether a great deal of diplomatic activity, dealings in world affairs, often on the airplane, office, become a true "Flying trapeze "The goal is to reach a consensus and allies on the military to take" joint action ", the implementation of communism, and its hard-line policy, its large-scale retaliation strategy, and the brink of war, such as a policy had played a thoroughly.Chapter III focuses on the crisis in the Taiwan Strait, the Indo-China war and the Berlin crisis in Dulles practical solutions adopted by the policy. Although Dulles shouted at the use of force and the communist country, but in Britain and France and other allies to participate in the "joint action", particularly when the military steps extremely inconsistent, Dulles are not able to understand regardless of world opinion, as the United States will be losing the war. At the same time, the American people tired of war, the United States Congress a key figure in the opposition, have made Dulles had to face reality, and must not be because this was in the mid-term election, the opposition seize the handle, and become the target of shelling, this the price too high. Finally, the three crisis by peaceful means have been solved, such as the Taiwan Strait crisis in a dramatic final scene, a tired, rest, gave no time to recharge the supply, both through peace talks until the crisis subsided; The Indo-China, although the United States for failing to achieve its "joint action" to the wishes of one of regeneration - launched Tuntingyan puppet, manipulated behind the scenes, but it still did not stop Indo-Asian-African Conference adopted a resolution; For the second Berlin crisis, but also because Britain, France refused to participate in military actions, the United States had to compromise their allies, final adoption by the way peace talks have been resolved. These are in accordance with the reality of the existence of Dulles need to take concrete steps to the composition, and his public statements not entirely the same. Through the above discussion, in the conclusions of this paper pointed out that the diplomatic thinking Dulles demonstrated his strong ideological flavor - extreme anti-communism, in order to eradicate communism at the use of force, and every time his public statements are extremely fierce, demonstrate its safeguarding the interests of the United States and hatred of communism posture of the firm, to a certain extent, is an ideal, rational, reflects his thinking on foreign affairs and the legal and moral.However, in the specific action, Dulles cool-headed, and never blindly action, but careful consideration of objective realities, often with concrete action prior statements he is not consistent, and even can be said to be self-contradictory, and fully demonstrated its the reality of the diplomatic thinking. This is revealed by this paper is to Dulles diplomatic thinking of the duality.