Analysis Of Military Modernization To Learn From Germany In The Late-Ch'ing Dynasty

In the 21st century's today,the Chinese military are now actively exploring new ways military reform with Chinese characteristics in response to the climax in new military changes in the world.We must seek the law that military reform in history,and draw strength,do well the military construction to conform to the situation.Historical materialism and modernization theory is the guiding principle for this article. From macroscopic and microscopic,individuality and general character aspect,I uses methods such as charts and comparison,analysis the Late-Ch'ing Dynasty military affairs was modernized how to learn from Germany.Purpose is to explore the gradual process of military modernization in Chinese early phase from this aspect.The Late-Ch'ing Dynasty military modernization represents the achievement of the Chinese early time military modernization,is the go ahead stage that Chinese military affairs modernizes.In the process of the over 30 years studying Germany,people from superficial purchased advanced weapon to imitated Germany's military system to found the new style army,then appealled advocation military force and worship the blood-and-iron-ism,it is a dynamic process of spiral,from surface to deep,and promoted the development of the Late-Ch'ing Dynasty's military modernization.In Self-strengthen Movement of the Ch'ing Dynasty,Li Hung-chang learn Germany for military construction was start from the cognition of weapon.His Huai-Army equips the advanced German weapon.The substantial German military books had been translated. People studies these weapon knowledge and the use technology of weapons.He sends for to the German study military technology.He imitated Germany to establish Military academy for train military talented person.All of these had laid a foundation for further study Germany military technology.It was widely recognized that advancement to only depends on the weaponry was still insufficient after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.Make the military to be powerful,they must reform the military system.In this case,the Ch'ing government made the decision to training the new army.Wuyi Army,Self-strengthen Army and Xinjian Army on the basis of Dingwu Army arise at the historic moment.They or partly imitated the German military system,or entirely imitated the German military system,had obtained the varying degree modernized level,and had shown the high military technology and the combat capability during the Eight-Power Allied Forces invasion.End of the Ch'ing Dynasty decade, worship the blood-and-iron-ism as military spirit's important content,reversed the culture idea, improved the cognition to military affairs,especially military personnels' status,aroused a large number of youth to advocate military force,promoted the national-democratic revolution to surge upward arrived and prepared the reserve force for 1911 Revolution's victory.These accomplishment had left precious experience to descendants,been worthy for us to learn.At the same time,the failure of the Late-Ch'ing dynasty's military modernization had also left a profound lesson for us.Cause such as own thought conservative,modernization malformed development,as well as science and technology hysteresis quality and so on, especially economical poverty,becomes the Late-Ch'ing Dynasty's military modernization development the conditionality factor.Therefore,in the 21st century,economic construction as the center can not lose,and only made efforts to develop social productivity,enhance comprehensive national strength,we can provide the powerful economical security for new military transformation in our country.