Contemporary Explanation On Marx's Theory Of Human Nature

With the birth of Marx' s opinion on human nature, the human' s recognition on their own innate nature and intrinsic quality has got to the scientific level, and the humans have also set up the only scientific theory about the people. However, at the very beginning, Marx' s recognition on human nature was not so right and scientific, but has gone through a process of development. This process can be summed up as a transformative process from idealism to materialism, from democracy to scientific communist. His understanding of human nature has also gone through a process of development, from the immature exploration to the establishment of scientific theory.With the first step of researching on human nature, Marx began to set his first foot on human nature. It' s the first time that Marx made such a kind of systematic criticism on Hegel. And it was when he left Hegel for Feuerbach. On the one hand, Marx received a lot of basic points of materialism from Feuerbach' s humanism. These points influenced and inspired him a lot. He deeply criticized Hegel' s idealism opinions on countries and laws. On the other hand, he did not fully agree with the views of Feuerbach, for some of his specific views on problems have surpassed that of Feuerbach.with the step of thinking about human nature deeply, Marx has not only made a great breakthrough on human nature, but also on the view of social history. For the first time, Marx put forward that labor was the inherent requirement of human nature. Marx transformed Feuerbach' s concept of "real people" by using Hegel' s views that human' s activities possessed initiative unification and human' s labor could create history. But the concept of human nature has not yet fully broken away from the method of speculative philosophy.With the step of thinking about human nature completely, Marx grasped the problem of human nature from the height of historical materialism, which involved that productive forces decided relations of production. He clearly put forward many views. For example, labor is the fundamental difference between human and animal; human' s requirements are the innate nature of human; actual people are the base of social structure and state activities; and the human nature is possessed of historicity. And he also expounded the social relations specifically.In general, Marx' s opinion on human nature is full of connotations. There are some main opinions which could reflect the profound connotations. For example: humans are the natural existent objects; human nature is precisely a kind of conscious activity and it is the sum of all social relations while seeing from the aspect of reality; regardless the people' s inner nature or people' s consciousness to this nature, human nature is always a product of history; and the requirement of human is its nature.By exploring the problem of human nature, Marx carried out his criticism from three aspects. The first one is a kind of philosophical criticism. He expounded the freedom of human, the specific human nature, and the abstract human nature. The second one is the political criticism. In this part he explored the class character of human and the communism. And the third one is the economic criticism. It refers to the discussion of the alienation of labor and the alienation of the people. It also concerns about various social problems in the real society.Marx's theory on human nature has great guiding significance on our country' s socialist modernization construction. First of all, the theory of human nature has expounded the meaning of existence for us, and it also has built a new significant world for the meaningless modern life;Marx' s theory of human nature contains humanistic concern and humanistic spirit. They give us a world vision. And they provide a constructive direction for China which is in a transitive period. Secondly, Marx' s theory of human nature is the guiding of the modernization of human beings. Finally, Marx' s theory of human nature is the theoretical foundation of the construction of a harmonious society. It demonstrates the historical necessity, the development of core and the orientation of value for the construction of a harmonious society.