In The Period Of Social Transformation YangZengXin Of National And Religious Policy Research

Yang Zengxin, who is the first warlord after 1911 Revolution in Xinjiang, as well as one of the governor who has the longest dominating times during the Republican History in that place. This period is more attractive than any others in the history of Xinjiang. The research on this phrase has never stopped between the time before Yang was born and after his dead, "From the viewpoint of Macro and historical, it was that the convergence of two social systems and historical sections which are totally different in spite of it's short time; From the Microcosmic viewpoint, it could be found that political parties scrambled their rights from each other, which made the regime changed frequently; the politics fulfilled with horror and was very dark; the economy was completely destroyed and nearly collapsed; the whole society was closed and far behind other countries in same period......In a word, this is an epoch, when the aggression was not driven away while the people was under the bad condition because of the upheaval politic situation. Therefore, people's struggle has become more and more fiercely." However, Xinjiang was still in the territory of our country in stead of being broken up in this time interval——that was because of so many subjective and objective reasons; besides, it was because of these two factors:first, all of the Xinjiang people have set a great cohesion and centripetal force with the others in their motherland through thousands years of living; second, the ethnic and religious policies about maintaining the unify of our country has played an important role by Xinjiang Governor and the politic power. The thesis has made emphasis on the ethnic and religious policies when Yang Zengxin was the president in Xinjiang, analyzing the influence, the pros and the cons of these policies on politics, economy, education and the relationship of the ethnic groups in Xinjiang society. What is more, it is of great consulting significance on border defense consolidation, the development and exploitation in Xinjiang and constructing harmony ethnic groups'relationships with reviewing and probing on the history of this period.The thesis can be separated into seven parts:The 1st part is the introduction:the author elaborates the significance on why he has chosen such a kind of topic; then he has made a simple description on the existing status of affairs of the ethnic and religious policies, on which basis he stresses the academic significance and actual empathy.In the 2nd part, the author has made a narrative on the factors below:the basic situation on the early republic, all Yang Zenxin's life, Yang's governing and the international situation as well. At that time, the circumstances have changed every time abroad, imperialist powers invaded the homeland with each passing by——which all led to a terrible result, that is, Outer Mongolia had dependent and Tibet had made the same plan. At the same time, the situation internal were even worse——warlords launched conflicts all the time and the social unrest happened every time. On the viewpoint of Xinjiang alone, it was lonely and was surrounded by imperialist powers; the people there were mixed with kinds of races and were short of soldiers. Therefore, Central Government didn't have the ability to control Xinjiang, and the adjacent province didn't have chance to take care of it either.In the 3rd part, the author makes an investigation on Yang Zenxin's ethnic policies. We all know that Yang has explored a useful ethnic policy system, involving with his own experience and strategy during his 17 years' governing in Xinjiang. In spite of so many problems it contained such as conservatism, draggle, obscurantism and so on, there weren't any serious ethnic problem has taken place. On the other hand, his policy kept his domination at the most, so did the steady condition in Xinjiang. Overall, Yang's policy consists of these three factors:first of all, policy of Jimi and containing; second, different attitude to different ethnic group; last, obscurantism. The contents above were all the special products under the Pragmatism rule in the special time.In the fourth part, the author makes a discussion on Yang Zenxin's religious policies. Yang, who was the leftover of Qing Dynasty, got references from Qing's Islam policy when he was formulating measures in Xinjiang. During his 17 years of governing, using and limiting, fu-sui and inhibiting were taken turns; however, the core of the policy was still fu-sui. Whatever he took was based on whether or not stabilize the rule and consolidate the regime. With the combination of fu-sui and inhibiting, Yang has laid down many kinds of specific measures and steps. At the same time, he has tried to prevent and suppress the Pan-Islamic fundamentalism and Turkish Nationalism though without apparent affect, truly, what he did defended the unifying of the whole country and the whole nation, which has made a deep consultation in the history.The fifth part probes the gains and losses of Yan Zengxin's religious policies. Yang Zenxin has governed Xinjiang for 17years, so it is absolutely that he commented a lot in maintaining the security of the country boarder and the unifying of the homeland. What he did assured the integrity of our country on politics, military and diplomacy, which is of great benefit to the country, that there wasn't any volume turmoil in Xinjiang till his old age. So we can say his measure was successful from this standing point; on the other hand, we should consider about his historical limitation——Yang, is a feudal warlord himself; he was still stands for bureaucratic landlords' interests, and feudal backwardness as well as reactionary could be seen clearly in his own.In the sixth part, the author makes a statement about the scholars' appraisal of Yang Zengxin. He pointed out that there are so many appraising words on Yang through the internal and abroad. We should set the man we'd like to assess into the big background where he lives, in which social environment he stands, and which kind of culture he approaches——only in this way can we appraise a man correctly. Thence, we should valuate him appropriately and objectively by connecting the historical background both in Xinjiang and abroad. What I need to stress on is that we should consider about the period Yang was lived was the time internal after New Democratic Revolution Period that after the Russia Revolution——or we will understand him unilateral and over-absolutely.The last part of the thesis gives some suggestion on formulating ethnic and religious policies in today's circumstances, through Yang Zengxin's policy on ethnic and religious while his governing in Xinjiang.Conclusion:Yang Zenxin pursued "unify" as his domination idea after he became the president of Xinjiang. What he took into practice was filled with pragmatism but limitation. He took such kind of measures to keep the relationship between ethnic groups in Xinjiang and the religion being harmony as well as the steady situation there. Besides, the policies which were taken place under the complex and changing moment, crushed the Imperialists'attempt to break our country——all of these should be placed a well position in the history.Compare Yang Zengxin's policy to Qing Government, it is sure that Yang's advanced more. However, at that time, the effect will never be satisfactory under such kind of social, political and economical conditions; therefore, the ethnic and religious policies in this period should be considered carefully. Whatever how his policy changed, it is that the aim will be never varied—— that is, to serve with the fundamental interests of the dominating class, as well as regime consolidation. However, we should give a specific explanation on which kind of measures he took, and the influences it brought under the specific situation. Some of the policies, in spite of as keeping dominating class' interests, objectively, it provided some safeguarding factors on social steady, national consociating, and unifying of the country——all these above should be confirmed but not making a judgment just from the class' basis. Consequently, what we need to do is to take the social background and historical environment as an entry point, researching the difference between the mind why formulating ethnic and religious policies and the result, as well as the difference between what they boost at the earliest time and what they done actually——only in this way, can we make a contrast on two systems of policies more rational and objectively.