On U.S.-India Nuclear Accord

US-India civilian nuclear energy accord promotes the U.S.-India relationship further. There five reasons that U.S. government cooperates with India in civilian nuclear area: First, the U.S. government thinks the accord would help U.S. bring India into international non-proliferation regime, which has positive significance to prevent proliferation; Second, it is helpful of reducing India's energy competition with U.S. in global energy market, and decreasing India's dependency on countries opposed to U.S.; Third, it would help U.S. open up India's nuclear market and weapon market, which would bring lucrative profits to America's enterprises; Fourth, it is in favor of the rise of India, and enlarging the global influences of democracies; Fifth, it is useful of uniting India to carry out America's strategy of containing China. However, this accord also initiates domestic doubts from counter-proliferation personages in U.S.. In their opinions, opening the nuclear trade to India would promote India's nuclear bombs' production capability, lead serious harms to nuclear proliferation; on the other hand, it would induce dissatisfactions of Pakistan, Iran and North Korea, and increase complexity and difficulty to solve the Iran nuclear problem and North Korea nuclear problem; Moreover, it would increase the channels of terrorists to obtain and make use of the nuclear fuels to manufacture terrorist weapons, and increase the attacked targets of terrorists. But driven by the American domestic powers' impetus, this accord passed in American congress finally. There are some reasons that India promotes this accord. The implementations of this accord will help India obtain nuclear material and nuclear technology quickly and easily, promote the level of nuclear energy uses; at the same time, this accord means U.S. accepts India as a nuclear big power. The accord has symbolic significance to India's great-power ambition, consolidates India's superiority in southern Asia, and increases India's strategic initiatives in the game with U.S., Russia, China, etc. The domestic doubt is about that India's national sovereignty and autonomy would be violated by America. Although the nuclear accord is paused because of the Indian domestic political crisis, it passed in Indian Parliament finally either. International society's responses to this accord are different. Britain's attitude shifts from objection to support; France and Russia support this accord all along. China doesn't express support or objection definitely; Pakistan expresses dissatisfaction with giving India nuclear treatment; International Atomic Energy Agency and Nuclear Suppliers Group give permissions to this accord. The success of US-India civilian nuclear energy accord impinges seriously on international non-proliferation regime. It destroys the rule of international non-proliferation regime which stipulates that nuclear weapon states could not trade with non nuclear non-proliferation Treaty countries. It would lead to the vertical proliferation of Indian nuclear weapons and set a bad example to other countries. The accord reflects the substance that great power and power politics act as a dominant role in the operation of international regime. The impacts of US-India civilian nuclear energy accord on regional security focus on southern Asia, which would bring about nuclear arm race between India and Pakistan and the terrorist attacks to the weak areas of southern Asia. The accord would promote U.S.-Indian strategic relations, and change the strategic decisions of U.S., India, Russia, China and Japan, and the relations among these major powers.