The Studies Of Teaching's Scientific Character

The basic recognition about teaching in academic field is that teaching is not only scientific, but also artistic. However, there is not a definite conclusion in which aspects teaching show its scientific character and how to handle it in teaching activities. Based on the hermeneutic analysis of the history and current condition about teaching in research and practice, we try to analyze the basic reflection of scientific character in teaching through the three aspects as follows:the theoretical bases, the teaching study and the instructional design.In the first aspect, the theoretical bases, the teaching activities are following some certain disciplines, which mainly represent a basic law that every factors, in teaching activities, should adapt to the physical and mental development of a student. In terms of the history of the development of teaching activities, people have gone through an experience from finding a subjective teaching method, relevant to life, to building a formal education system. In this process, the research about psychology makes a great difference to the development of teaching. While psychology is taking more part in teaching method, people's recognition of teaching becomes more scientific and causes unprecedented enhancement in effects of teaching in practice. On the basis of teaching psychology, teaching activity itself is a regular process:the physical and mental development of participators in teaching should follow some laws; the arrangement of teaching should keep to some disciplines; how to gain a good result should follow some principles; In the teaching activities process, the factors such as teaching environment plays an enormous role, and all the influence of these factors take place through the physical and mental changes of the teaching participants, and the function of the mechanism which causes this one action with certain regularity. The study of psychology, particularly the one of teaching psychology about how to study, becomes the most important theoretical base on teaching method. Because any effective teaching activity should follow the regularities of physical and mental development of its participants, and such activity requires theoretical bases attained in the study of psychology.Secondly, in terms of teaching history, the teaching study is a course from a speculative and empirical study to a combinative one which includes scientific research and other approaches. And owing to changes in philosophical thought, the modern teaching study inosculates many different approaches, which affect each other to achieve the teaching goal. How to analyze the elements and objects of teaching study is the main purpose in teaching study, which belongs to people's social life, so we can study those objects in detail, that is to say, those objects have characters of science; In general, various approaches are used in teaching study, such as logical thinking, observing, inquiring, experimenting, anthropological studying and so on. In terms of the general principles in science study, teaching study itself has definite problems to investigate, has appropriate methods to use, and has relevant theoretical bases as a support, so the approaches of teaching study are close in upon character of science; In terms of forming and extending a theory, teaching study has a system which is carried out and continuously improved. And through this, we can form a teaching theory by rigorous experiments and logical reasoning, introduce practical teaching, explain phenomenon in teaching, and restudy a program in a certain condition, the teaching theory has no contradictions itself. In short, teaching study has a charter of science.Finally, based on psychology, pedagogy, system science, communication and other theories, instructional design contains systematic analysis and default of the teaching process, careful arrangements on the purpose of teaching, teaching content, teaching process and teaching evaluation. It plays a dual role of its inspection of teaching theory and improvement in teaching practice. In teaching design, we should comply with a certain degree of objectivity, specificity, logic and flexibility for teaching activities carried out smoothly. Through the theoretical basis of teaching design and general procedures, and the analysis of the debate on the default and build about teaching in modern education, teaching design and practice of science has the same characteristics. Instructional design is the key factor at the level of the practice of teaching, and only following the layout of science at this level, reflecting the objective laws of teaching, taking appropriately modification according to the actual context of teaching, the role of teaching theory can be given full play. And it would enhance human understanding of teaching and improve teaching effectiveness. This study gives analysis of the essential characteristics of the teaching on three levels from above. Compared with the basic characteristics of science, teaching, in essence, has the specific nature of science, so scientific research on teaching can bring about a better understanding of teaching, a deeper improvement of teaching. In teaching research, we should use a wide range of scientific methods to conduct scientific research on teaching, to explore the essence of teaching law. And in teaching practice, we should create instructional design to take a scientific grasp of teaching law, to improve teaching effectiveness.Although the complexity of teaching itself and the different values of teaching and research allows us to have a variety of different views of teaching, teaching science is unquestioned. In the future teaching study need more attention in teaching science, the scientific study of teaching, need to establish gradually a scientific research system, so that teaching will become a truly independent discipline, which is conducive to human's awareness of teaching and improvement of teaching effectiveness, and finally to achieve the fundamental purpose of teaching to promote human progress.