Comparison Between Physical Characteristics Of The Elite Long-distance And Short-distance Canoe Athletes In China And Training Research

The face of London 2012 Canoe small items set of changes, preparing for the London Olympics, to the National Team's athletes of the top eight Men's Kayak, the top eight Men's Canoe and the top six Women's Kayak in 2010 Spring Championships as the research objects; Meanwhile, physical training of the long-distance and short-distance group during winter in 2010 were also statistically analyzed. Integrated use of literature, questionnaire, measurement and other research methods, research on differences of physical characteristics between the athletes of the long and short groups and the first phase physical training during winter, for future scientific selection and evaluation of the training of athletes to provide the theoretical basis the main conclusions are as follows:Comparison of physical characteristics of male kayak athletes:The athletes of the long-distance is higher than the short-distance in limb length, but physical dimensions and plumpness of the body lower than the short-distance; The athletes of the long-distance is higher than the short-distance in aerobic capacity and the ability of the body to transport oxygen; The athletes of the long-distance is lower than the short-distance in maximum power, explosive force and speed; strength endurance and endurance higher than the short-distance; there are no significant differences in flexibility.Comparison of physical characteristics of male canoe athletes:there are no significant differences in flexibility between the long-distance and short-distance, but the long-distance is lower than the short-distance in physical dimensions and plumpness of the body; The athletes of the long-distance is higher than the short-distance in aerobic capacity and the ability of the body to transport oxygen; The athletes of the long-distance is lower than the short-distance in maximum power, explosive force and speed; strength endurance and endurance higher than the short-distance; there are no significant difference in flexibility.Comparison of physical characteristics of female kayak athletes:The athletes of the long-distance is a little higher than the short-distance in limb length, there are no significant differences in physical dimensions and plumpness of the body between the long-distance and short-distance; The athletes of the long-distance is a little higher than the short-distance in aerobic capacity and the ability of the body to transport oxygen; The athletes of the long-distance is a little lower than the short-distance in maximum power and speed; there are no significant differences in explosive force, strength endurance, endurance and flexibility.Physical Training Status:The arrangements for training phase of the long-distance group is less, but the arrangements for each stage is long; the arrangements for training phase of the short-distance group is more, but the arrangements for each stage is short. The training volume of long-distance group is larger than short-distance group. The training methods used by short-distance group are richer than the long-distance group. After the training in winter, the individual capacity of athletes have made great progress, but there are still some training deficiencies, these deficiencies include:adhere to the aerobic training, but the methodology is imperfect, the lack of evaluation of aerobic capacity; enhanced strength training, but strength training is not comprehensive; lack of protection training; the methods of recovering is inadequate.