The Dissemination Of The Western Knowledge From West To East And The Establishment Of The Modern Discipline In China's Higher Education

The establishment of the modern discipline in higher education of China is the principal way through which the eastern and the western culture get in contact with each other, communicate with each other, conflict with each other and blend into each other. It can supply useful references to our present establishment of the discipline to some extent that we show the whole development of the modern discipline in China, find some features that the Chinese learn from the west and deliberate the relationship between the .establishment of the modern discipline and the social transformation.This article focuses on the establishment of the modern discipline in the higher education of modem China. The period it covers starts from 1862 when the Jingshi Tung Wen college was set up and ends in 1922 when the Renshu educational system came into being.The foundational clue of this article starts from incarnating the value of the modern discipline in west, then defining the modern discipline and comparing the moderndiscipline with the conventional discipline in China, finally, shows the whole feature of the modern discipline's development in China. The whole process can be divided into three phases on the basis of the historical facts: first, seeking the applicability of the modern discipline's arrangement (1862-1894); second, the systematicness (1895-1911); finally, the nationality (1912-1922). Each section begins from the enlightened people's cognition of the modern discipline in our country at that time, then follows the establishment of the modern discipline, and goes further to summarize the characteristic of the courses offered in the higher education at that time. On the basis of making out the whole process, this article reveals the relationship between the establishment of the modern discipline and the modernization of our country. Furthermore, it explores the relationship between the development of the discipline and the transformation of the social mental culture. Finally, it analyses this relationship theoretically in the light of the character and the regularity of the modern discipline's arrangement.