The teacher's professional ability is a certain faculty of smoothly finishing task formed among educational teaching activity. It is gotten constantly combined by teacher individual character quality, educational idea, knowledge level, general ability in real education teaching. It is the most outstanding external manifestation of teacher's overall qualities, and a key factor of evaluating teacher's professional lines too. In some way, the destination of the teacher education is to improve the teacher's professional ability, thus realize teacher's job specialization further.We selected some primary school teachers of Jiuquan , Zhangye , Wuwei , Tianshui, Pingliang, Lanzhou six areas in Gansu province who are our research target, and used the investigation method and the documents method. We surveyed and analysed the current situation of primary school teacher's job ability of Gansu province from three respects, which are the teacher's teaching ability, association ability and self-development ability. We attempted to look for out the main factor which influences the primary teacher's job ability development of our province, offer the material consulted for the thing that makes the primary teacher education of our province more efficiently.From this research, we thinks that the main factor of influencing the primary school teacher's professional ability development of our province are the teacher's job idea behind, vocational knowledge and behavior training short, overload work and the evaluation mechanism lack. We put forward the following countermeasure for this reason: 1, Strengthen and improve the teacher's pre-job cultivation; 2, Strengthen the teacher's on-the-job education; 3, Take various kinds of measures, strengthen the construction and management to the teaching body of primary school; 4, Establish the evaluation system of developing teachers.
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