A Case Study On The Middle School Pupil' Comprehensive Strategy Of The Electricity Concept

With the development of society, more and more job and position need people who master advanced skill and technique, who can learn, deduce, creative think, make correct decision and scientific solve problems. The 8th compulsory educational reform is an active measure for this change. The teacher's teaching way and the students'learning way have changed into the belief, which based on humanist, centered on student's learning and development of ability .The process of student learning doesn't limit to master the elementary knowledge and train the basic ability .Now, attention is paid to the process of gaining knowledge, and How to development student's all-around quality, especial student's enterprising spirit and enterprising ability. The concept of electricity is important and difficult part of student learning. There are many researches home and abroad, which show that there are many mistakes on the electricity concepts for not only middle school students and university students but also the physics teachers and science researchers. Some researches which attempt to improve the teachers teaching way in order to promote student to grasp scientific concept, but the practice show that it is very hard to change this situation by normal teaching。This study starts with the students'cognitive development, instead of knowing teachers'teaching or only knowing what the student know. Based on the exiting preconception of students, Firstly, We analyzed and examined again and again ,Then, by ECCE and ECCT questionnaire on electricity which are accepted by researchers home and abroad, and use the methods of interview which can seek the students thinking process and thinking characters, then we use a simple electric circuit which can show the elementary electricity conception .We know the junior high school student and senior high school students'situation of understanding concept on electricity by questionnaire. Further-more, we know the way that the students use to understand these concepts and the thinking characteristic when they think these abstract concepts by interview. In order to seek a possible means to solve the common difficulty. Through analyzing the eighth grade student's questionnaire, we find that they only have some simple knowledge about electricity before they formally study it, they do not distinct these concepts, such as electric power, electric current, voltage, power source and so on. Of course, they do not understand these concepts .So the mistakes on electric concepts perhaps appear during the formal study. Through analyzing the first and third grade of senior high school student's questionnaire, we find that almost all of students only remember the definition of these concepts on the textbook instead of comprehend these concepts. The third grade of senior high school students'performance show only slightly more improvement than the first grade on the problem about whether there is voltage between the two point, which means advanced study don't improved student's understanding on concept. So,When they study abstract electric concepts, they face the same difficulties. According to the students'answer on simple electric circuit's elementary concepts, investigator select some students as subjects to seek the reason of this phenomenon. We find those students who can understand the elementary electric concepts, almost build up a correct and concrete model about the simple electric circuit microcosmic structure, and meanwhile, use the analogy strategy based on their model. Through analyzing the result of research, we find the key point which students understand the abstract electricity concepts is the concrete physic model about abstract and microcosmic object or system,The analogy strategy is the bridge between the two parts when students comprehend these concepts. In order to know whether the student's analogy strategy is efficient and scientific, this paper further analyzes all the students'analogy strategies. We find students attempt to use analogy strategy to get direct current circuit's microcosmic model。But they don't use correct analogy way. They can't build up correct model, and can't use it as an efficient tools for understanding abstract concepts。The reasons why they can't form an scientific analogy thinking way are as follow: Their strategy don't form correct representation, or don't build up correct parallelism, or their analogy is in surface similarity not in structure and function. To further know the reason of the shortcoming of student's analogy strategy or thinking, investigator interview one hundred of the first grade of senior high school students which study the analogy strategy on textbook about water current and electric current .We find that it is very difficult for students to understand the water current system which was used to analogy with electric system. They also don't find corresponding relation of electric current forming, water pressure, water resistance and the reason of current forming and its size in the map. These results show that the water analogy in the textbook is not an efficient tool to improve students'understanding electric current concept, the analogy teaching have not trained student correct analogy thinking way. To validate the hypothesis that it is the main difficult for student to use analogy strategy to form the concrete thinking model, the thesis select the representative problem about resistance examine the junior by questionnaire and interview, we find they face the same difficulties too. Sum up, investigator put forward some suggestions for physics teaching and reform of teaching material as following: first, Teacher should understand and pay attention to the thinking difficult during student's abstract concept learning; second, Teacher should spend more time on the qualitative comprehension of concept ;third, textbook should arrange the analogy material scientifically; forth, teacher should build up a suitable circumstance for student to find their model, encourage student to exchange opinion with others, train student's self-confidence, build up their correct philosophy, enhance their all-around quality. Finally, this paper reflects and concludes from the following aspects: subject selecting,interview time and tools using in interview.