The Outlet Of Middle-school Students And Nationalist Government's Education Reform: 1930-1937

Nanjing Nationalist Government had carried out education reform to deal with the middle-school students' outlet problem from 1930 to 1937. The thesis explores the details of the reform ,such as its background, measures and final results, to find out the main causes which led to the failure of solving the problem completely during modern Chinese history.At the beginning of the 1930s, the middle-school students suffered serious outlet problems, which had the direct relations with the secondary education's expansion after the reform in the school system in 1922. The middles schools' expansion , on one hand , constituted the incisive contradiction with the rare higher level education resources. On the other hand, it was also opposite to the reduced social employment demands as a result of economic crisis. At that time, numerous middle-school students were compelled to face the low universities enrollment and the employment deficiency. Low employment rate made the students struggle for higher education, which caused the competition to enter university even more intense;At the same time, the phenomenon of big quantity and inferior quality of freshmen in universities was obvious as well.Viewed from the social level, the middle-school students' having no-outlet seriously not only damaged their physical and mental integrity, but harmed the economic development and threatened the social stability. In order to solve the problem and make the education meet society's needs, Nanjing nationalist Government had carried out the corresponding education reform, which included limiting the growth of middle school quantity, relocating the middle school's goal (middle school should take entering to higher school as its guidance), and assisting vocational education to carry on the relief. The former two measures aimed at recitfing the middle school, the latter intended to carry on the divergence within the secondary education system. Through reorganization and divergence, Nanjing Nationalist Government expected students to take their proper places.The result was that Nanjing Nationalist Government's reform had obtained the limited success in controlling the middle school quantity while the middle school taking entering higher school as its only goal encountered setback. Unexpectedly, students who couldn't attend the university mostly entered the educational circles, helping the compulsory education booming in the 1930s. How hard it was to foresee the success or failure! During the whole process, Nanjing Nationalist Government's education reformhad counted double difficulties: the concept factor and the economic one. Chinese students' trend to enter a higher school as their first choice and their employment orientation are almost unchanged no matter at that time or in nowadays.China's low economic development level caused the society unable to absorb the new graduates, that had remained a serious problem since the western education system was introduced into China. Under all those factors, the disparity between students' personal wish and the government anticipation was inevitable and finally influenced the effect of education reform.