The Alternation Of Mainstream Of Social Ideology In 20～(th) Century And Chinese Language Education

The 20th century is the most active one since the Renaissance. In this century, Chinese people live in the sunshine of open-door policy as well as the shadow of traditional feudalism. In this century, the modern Chinese langue education buds and flowers under the influence of the main stream of the social ideology.This paper approaches the subject from the aspect of different historical periods and tries to interpret the current teaching reform of Chinese langue education.At the end of Qing Dynasty, the mainstream of social ideology was oriented by bourgeois reformism, which mixed the practical education with traditional one. However, the main trend is still feudal and conservative. As following, the imperial examination system was broken, new school and teaching system was set up. The subject of Mandarin, which resembles the modern Chinese langue education, in many aspects popularized nation-wide.After "Xin Hai Revolution", the concepts of democracy and republic were deeply rooted in Chinese. The May 4^th Movement of 1919 shook the dominant Confucianism. Democracy, equality and freedom of thoughts were pravelent at the time. Chinese langue education in that period mainly displayed people's pursuit of freedom and democracy. In addition, Mandarin Movement, the Vernacular Movement also made a tremendous impact on Chinese langue education. From the viewpoint of great educator Hu Shi, the appearance of colloquial Chinese in textbook sparkles the reform of Chinese langue education 20 years ahead of the time.During the Anti-Japanese War, in the aero under the headship of CCP, Chinese langue education was considered to be mass education featured in "People's democracy" as well as "dictatorship".At the beginning of the foundation of PRC, under the influence of different factors such as "Cold War", "former Soviet Union" and "left thoughts", Chinese langue education was changed completely. It became a tool of political struggle. High teaching efficiency was hard to be guaranteed. This historical lesson should always be remembered."Reform is the second revolution", said our great leader Deng Xiaoping in 1985. Compared with "the first revolution" in which the new China is founded, "the second revolution" is not only a political and an economical revolution but also a revolution of concept. "Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" is the main feature of this period. Diversity has become prevalent in the realm of ideology. The mixture of international character and national character provided the motive force for the development of Chinese langue education.Currently, the dissatisfactions with the Chinese langue education from all walks of life reveal the inconsistency between the Chinese langue education and mainstream of social ideology. What's the orientation of the reform? Education should take the first place. Chinese langue education should react the main stream of social ideology. Teaching should be active rather than passive, and serve for the economic basis. Individuality and prospect will be the main trend of Chinese langue education.