Study On Reform Of Modern Chinese Language Education In The Perspective Of Scientism

Scientism is an important western philosophical thought introduced into China after the Opium War. Combining with Chinese academic thought under the impact of modern evolution, it gave shape to scientism thoughts with characteristics of Chinese context in the end of 19th century. Its impact not only involves in the fields of politics, economics and culture, but also greatly in the field of education in modern China, attributing to the formation of scientism education thoughts, which greatly accelerated the scientific progress of modern education. As an important part of education, Chinese language education has, by means of scientism thoughts, concepts and methods, gradually liberated from traditional Chinese language education in broad sense and become an independent discipline in 1904 after the "GuiMao Educational System". Since then, Chinese language education started to establish modern Chinese language education concept, gradually moving towards scientification in terms of educational objectives, contents, methods, examinations and research methods. In this essay, the author tries to research on the scientification development of modern Chinese language education from 1904 to 1949 to provide a historical basis for the objective academic evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of scientism in the reform of Chinese language education as well as some consultable experiences, lessons and inspirations for the construction of harmonious Chinese language education today.From an unique perspective of scientism and based on historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this essay makes every effort to give a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the scientification of modern Chinese language education by means of historical document, comparison, case study etc., which falls into four parts:Part One Introduction. It mainly elaborates on the background, significance, related datum, present situations and trends, research object, scope and related definitions, theory and method, as well as the main issues and innovation of the topic to cast a foreshadow for the full essay.Part Two Theory concept. It contains chapter one "The impact of scientism on modern Chinese language education", which briefly elaborates on the formation and characteristics of western scientism as well as on its spread and development background in modern China, systematically analyzes the impact of scientism on modern education system, content, research methods etc., with emphasis on the study of the renovation of traditional Chinese language education and the establishment of the concept of modern Chinese language education.Part Three Education practice. It contains from chapter two to chapter six. Chapter Two "Investigation on the scientification history of the objective of Chinese Language education". The prime issue elaborated on is that Chinese language as an independent discipline is the premise of setting up education objective. The alteration of the name of Chinese language also influences the setup of course objective to some extent. Then, the study focuses on the scientification history of the objective of Chinese language education based on that standard objective of Chinese language course evolves from a general, unitary type to a definite, concrete type. Finally, criticisms and constructive suggestions on the objective of Chinese language education are explored.Chapter Three "Historical survey on scientification of Chinese language teaching content". It elaborates on the development track that the content of Chinese language teaching becomes increasingly systematic and pragmatic in terms of Chinese language knowledge; with study emphasis on the evolution that the compiling method of Chinese teaching material compiling system evolves from old, unitary genre classification, time series type to scientific sequence-based and unit-based type. It points out that the compiling of Chinese language textbook is accompanied by criticisms and discussions which have significantly influence the progress of scientification reform; and finally, historical fact-based summary and objective evaluation are given on the characteristics of the scientification of the content of Chinese language teaching.Chapter Four "Historical retrospect of the scientification of Chinese language teaching method". By briefly historical tracing of the traditional Chinese language education methods, the author emphasizes on the impact of western education theory and method on Chinese education, and elaborates on the experiment and application of western education theory and method in Chinese language education field by giving examples. In this chapter, emphasis is attached to the exploration and innovation of modern Chinese language teaching methods such as speaking instruction, character-teaching, reading teaching and writing teaching; characteristics and rule of the evolution of teaching method of modern Chinese language are concluded, and existing problems in Chinese language teaching are summed up and analyzed.Chapter Five "Historical investigation on the scientification of Chinese language examination". In this part, causes of the formation of modern Chinese language examination are analyzed from such three aspects as the paradox movement of traditional Chinese language examination, the advancement of education measurement movement, and the formation and development of modern examination system; characteristics of modern Chinese language examination are concluded; application of various new methods in Chinese language examination such as black filling, gap filling, question, trim, correction, imitation and translation etc. are elaborated on, which is verified by the classic case of Entrance Examination of Middle School Affiliated to Southeast University; and the deficiency and reality problems of Chinese language examination are investigated.Chapter Six "Scientification History of research method of Chinese Language education". The author briefly streamlines the formation and development of experimental education thoughts, carefully analyses its impact on education especially Chinese language education in China; explores the concrete manifestation of scientification of research method of Chinese language education from such four aspects as character learning, character writing, reading and writing; objectively evaluates the existing problems in the process of scientification reform of research method of Chinese language education.Part Four Conclusion. Through investigation on impacts of scientism on the concept and application of Chinese language education, the author believes that modern Chinese language education has made a great progress towards scientification in its nature, objective, system construction and scientific research; however, profound lessons from the tendency of scientism and pseudoscience have also occurred. Based on the above objective history facts, the essay finally draws the conclusion: the thorough scientification of Chinese Language education depends on appropriate positioning of the nature of Chinese language discipline, proper handling of the relationship between inheriting and borrowing, and conducting a good scientific research on Chinese language education. Only by so doing, can Chinese language education develop in a health and harmonious way and enjoy a bright future.