In the study of mathematical ability, the study of its structure is the original subject. In the known researches, the methods of the study are always about factor analysis and the activity analysis and the ability elements obtained from the researches combined three aspects including the feature of mathematics, the characteristic of students and their thinking process. The present study based on the new curriculum standards of Junior high school. We identified three kinds of factor results by the method of factor analysis .Refereeing the theory of knowledge representation ,thinking process and the factors that affect transfer we defined four elements result is more scientifically .which consist reasoning ability , abstraction ability ,numbers and arithmetic expression operation ability, image operation ability . In the end, we analyze the ability elements that loaded on the knowledge field respectively and conclude some suggestions to practical teaching based on our result.
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