Study On Lenin's Solving Soviet Union Peasant's Problem

Russia is a nation with peasants being the major part of its population. To carry out Democratic Revolution and Socialism Revolution in such a nation, the first thing needed to do was to properly deal with peasants. The core issue was how to play the important role of peasants in revolutions in the process of Lenin's investigation of Russia's national situations and revolutionary practice at different times. The starting article"The New Economic Changes in Peasants'life"of Collected Works of Lenin in1893, 30 years later, the article"On the Cooperative System", written in January in 1923. Therefore, Lenin paid attention to the peasants all the time.The author's attention to Lenin concerning Russia's peasants and solving the problem of peasants centered around the several important stages of Lenin. Lenin faced a democratic revolution when he began to hold power, that was, to destroy the remnants of serfdom , to overthrow the landlord and knock down the czarist autocracy. In the process of October Revolution, to meet the demands of most peasants, Lenin put forward the slogan of"Land","Peace"and"Bread". In this revolution, the proletariat was not alone but assisted by all the peasants. Actually, the peasants armed were the main force of the revolution. In the War Communism Time, Russia carried out the Surplus Cereal Collection System to meet the needs of the civil war. However, because of the influence of"direct transition"thought and productive relations not adapting to productivity needs, the peasants'awful living conditions worsen even. After this, Lenin gradually realized it must conform to one basic priciple: cannot force the peasants, cannot use violence to the peasants, cannot harm the benefits of the peasants, including the middle-class peasants and rich peasants. In 1921, the Cereal Tax Policy was the prompt adjustment and transition to the Surplus Cereal Collection System; meanwhile, Lenin utilized state capitalism method and others to guide the peasants to transit to the socialism circuitously and found a new transition method—cooperation system in his old age, which was simple and acceptable to the peasants.This essay divides into three parts: The first part introduces the history and characteristics of the development of Russia's peasants as well as the importance of concerning and solving peasants'problem in such a big agricultural nation. In the second part, the main part of the essay, the author systematically demonstrates the several important stages of Lenin's solving peasants'problem, which are before the October Revolution, the process of capturing October Revolution, the War Communism Time, the new economic policy time as well as the conception sage of Lenin's old age. Finally, according to the investigation to the thought development of Lenin's dealing with the problem of Russia's peasants, the author makes a simple demonstration about Deng Xiaoping's adopting of Lenin's thought in the policy of reforming and opening up.