The Study On The Mechanism Of Donation To Universities

In recent years, with the development of higher education from elitism to popularization, and the number of school students is increasing rapidly. The enclosure movements of universities are continually emerging. So, these cause latent financial risk, debt question of universities have revealed day by day, and increasingly worsened. Some universities are overloaded; some even can't repay interests on loans. Therefore, how to widen fund origins, raise more funds and improve school conditions have been the emergent important problem for universities.At present, with the deep development of management system of higher education, various universities have already formed fund-raising pattern of the multi-channels. Generally speaking there are three origins: First is government financial allocation, which accounts for a great proportion in the universities' funds. But, the average student' financial proportion has decreased continually in recent years, especially in some local universities it has decreased rapidly. From now on, the gross financial allocation may increase, but most of which will favor the rural compulsory education, it is impossible for higher education to get more funds. Second is tuition. Since the end of the last century, Chinese universities have implemented dual-track system. College students need to hand in tuition., and the tuition is increasing year by year, rising by 25-50 times than that of 1989.The ratio of tuition accounting for the per capita GDP is 3 times in comparison to that of Japan, and now it is close to 30%, it exceeds the highest level that experts demonstrated. In the meanwhile, people complain about it. So, there is little room for tuition increasing. Third is school-run enterprise. School-run enterprises most aggregate in those famous universities what ordinary universities don't have, even they have school-run enterprises that are small scale ones, which are lack of sustained competitive competence. As far as college concept stock suffers heavy losses its development outlook is not optimistic.In summary, in order to resolve the debt crisis and improve universities' strength, colleges and universities have to seek social donation on the basis of keeping up the above three sources.However, there are still filled with thoughts that traditional intellectuals in universities are ashamed to talk about money, when they mention to donation from society, many people tend to disregard, snort or be ashamed to open the mouth, they regard fund-raising as begging and they may lose face. For many years, this idea control people's thoughts tightly like thick ice. But as the situation changes,"face conception"in people's mind sometimes becomes the very root of suffering, as the proverb saying"face is important but it is suffered". Fund-raising is not begging at all, because donations are not used for fund-raisers themselves but for the development of universities, for the sacred and noble education business. It is proved by practice that fund-raising is not a sign of weakness but the display of universities' strength.Fortunately, under the press of debt and expenses soaring, in 1980s JiNan universities and AnHui universities firstly liberate mind, set up council to receive donations from the public. From then on, universities go on a long and difficult ice-breaking trip-----fund-raising from public.Fund-raising has made great progress after many years' development, but it lacks stamina. For example, there is good tradition of donation, the environment of donation has been improved to some extent, kinds of donation have increased, its quantity also has enlarged and fund-raising awareness of universities has improved. However, from the macro level, policies and regulations don't match, government does not take incentive measures, and it is lack of government's guidance and regulation. From the micro level, fund-raising agencies in some universities are inadequate, there are lack of professional experts, the supervision channels are blocked, the awareness of active fund-raising is not strong, the ideas of fund-raising are backward and so on. There are some reasons for those that all levels of governments are not in place, the main body position of colleges and universities is ambiguous, and their main roles can't play fully. Therefore, it is necessary that definite roles and relations between government, universities and donators. Universities and donators should be main body while government is manager and regulator; they form a three-in ---one structural framework. In the meanwhile, it is important that we set up incentive mechanism, fund-raising mechanism, operation mechanism and supervision mechanism in order to prompt government; universities and donators interact, and jointly make fund-raising get a sustained, healthy and orderly development. These can contribute importantly to our county's higher education.