An Analysis Of Swedish Upper Secondary School's Educational Reform In The Process Of Educational Democratization

On the background of international educational reform to achieve educational democratization and to pursue educational equity, Swedish government undertaked to promote the reform of educational democratization from 40's in twenty century. In order to improve educational equity, the educational system of Swedish government has experienced three stages. Among them, the Swedish integrated upper secondary school's reform of democratization has got the most accomplishment and had the specialest form of education in the world.The report investigates the three reforms of Swedish educational system of the upper secondary schools from the angle of policy analysis view, emphasizing analyse the cause of reforms and the different understandings to educational equity in different time stage in Sweden. The report put the focus on the third reform to look forward to deeply find out how Swedish equivalent education idea permeate through the reform of the upper secondary school's educational system in new period, and also analyze the effect of bringing policies into force. On the basic of above, the report conclude the available experiences which Swedish integrated upper secondary school's reform used to urge on educational democratization and advance in the educational equity and even introduce the developing trend. At last, it combines with Chinese reality and the policies of Swedish integrated upper secondary school's reform and explores the way of upper secondary school's reform which is suitable to Chinese.The report includes five content parts:Part 1 has analyzed the origin and background of Swedish reform of educational democratization. The origin is basic on mainly including international and domestic factors. In the international background, as the rise of high and new technological revolution and the advance of politics democratization, educational democratization became a strong and inexorable trend of the present educational reform. And in Swedish homeland, the policies which government concentrates efforts on building welfare country affect the democratization's direction of the educational reform directly. And the direct motive was the fierce attack to the double-track educational system from public. The criticism pointed to the secondary school education which specialized to those children whose parents are in the upper classes of society. Part 2 introduced the Swedish three reform of the upper secondary school in the guidance of educational equity idea. The reforms made Swedish upper secondary school's educational system from divided to unified and became a stable and special integration pattern. The three reforms are: the first upper secondary school's reform which takes 1964 as a symbol, the second reform which takes 1971 as a symbol and 1993 represents the third reform. The main objective of the reform is to remove factors such as social stratum, sex distinction, school distinction which will effect individual student, also can take account of double demands including advance higher school and obtain employment and to provide the free-selected opportunities to students. It reflects the democratizatic educational idea of impartial doctrine and humanism.Part 3 has introduced the all-round practice of equivalent education idea on Swedish upper secondary school's educational reform at present. The part mainly reflect the new understanding of Swedish government on educational equity idea in new period and the idea extensively embodies the upper secondary school's educational reform. It includes democratization of educational management, emphasizing option and variety, reform of course setting, to vary contents and mood of education, to promote relationship between teachers and students and to innovate the system of evaluation and other things in the upper secondary school's educational reform.Part 4 summarized the main experiences and developing trend of Swedish upper secondary school's educational reform at present. The government's reform measures covered to reach system of management maturity, to optimize the teachers' level and to strengthen the linking in many ways and so on to ensure the educational equity coming true in the stage of the upper secondary schools. And the trend of Swedish integrated upper secondary school's reform will enhance macro-control to do more things on assuring the educational quality and it will remove the unfairness in the education in multi-variant cultural background.The last part is the inspiration about Chinese upper secondary school's reform from Swedish. It combined with Chinese present situation of upper secondary schools, absorbed the available experiences from Swedish upper secondary school's reform and suggested the suitable reform thoughts to China.